Throughout the ages, humans have applied knowledge and know-how to master materials. They have gone from materials encountered by chance available in their environment to customized materials designed to meet multi-criteria specifications. Today, owing particularly to digital modelling on different scales, we are able to design high-performance materials, combining various classes of materials, in controlled geometries and dimensions. These innovation strategies - architectured or bio-inspired materials - have been integrated in many industrial sectors (cars, aeronautics, biomedical sciences, etc.).

The Science of Materials: from Materials Discovered by Chance to Customized Materials

Cet ouvrage présente, de manière condensée, la substance d'une réunion de deux jours, organisée les 19 et 20 février 2013 par l'Académie des sciences sur l'emploi des fluides caloporteurs dans les réacteurs à neutrons rapides de IVe Génération. Ce type de réacteur doit fissionner tous les noyaux d'uranium et pas seulement la fraction minime d'uranium 235 des réacteurs des générations précédentes. Il doit ainsi travailler dans des conditions plus extrêmes, pour entraîner les produits de fission hors du combustible et transformer cette énergie de fission en chaleur à laide d'un fluide caloporteur. Cette chaleur à haute température sera finalement transformée en énergie consommable sous forme d'électricité ou de travail mécanique. Le choix d'un fluide caloporteur approprié conduit au développement de réacteurs de caractéristiques différentes. C'est ce qui explique que, dans l'histoire déjà longue et complexe de cette question, plusieurs solutions aient été envisagées et plus ou moins développées, en France comme au niveau international. L'Académie des sciences, en collaboration avec des membres de l'Académie des technologies, a estimé souhaitable de faire un état des lieux aussi complet et précis que possible. Elle s'est assurée la participation essentielle des spécialistes les plus compétents dans les secteurs actuellement les plus actifs. Après avoir présenté le cadre général du problème posé au point de vue scientifique technique et industriel, ce texte analyse quatre types de solutions, qui concernent les métaux liquides, les gaz et les sels fondus. Il souligne finalement les problèmes communs à ces solutions, mais aussi les caractéristiques différentes auxquelles elles conduisent, notamment en ce qui concerne la taille et le régime thermique des réacteurs. L'ouvrage est complété par un CD rom contenant l'ensemble des présentations scientifiques effectuées.

Les fluides caloporteurs pour réacteurs à neutrons rapides

Au cours des âges, l'homme a mis en oeuvre des savoirs et des savoir-faire pour maîtriser les matériaux. Il est passé des matériaux de rencontre disponibles dans son environnement aux matériaux sur mesure, conçus pour répondre à des cahiers des charges multicritères. Aujourd'hui nous pouvons, notamment grâce à la modélisation numérique à différentes échelles, concevoir des matériaux très performants, associant diverses classes de matériaux, dans des géométries et des dimensions contrôlées. Ces stratégies d'innovation - matériaux architecturés ou bio-inspirés - ont intégré de très nombreux secteurs industriels (automobile, aéronautique, bâtiment, sciences biomédicales, etc.).

La science des matériaux : du matériau de rencontre au matériau sur mesure

For more than a half-century, Mats Hillert has contributed greatly to the Science of Materials. He is widely known and respected as an innovator and educator, a scientist with an enormous breadth of interest and depth of insight. The difficult choice of twenty-four papers from a publication list of more than three hundred was carried out in consultation with him. He also suggested or approved names of those scientists who would be invited to write brief introductions to each of the papers.

A brief reading of the topics of the selected papers and their introductions reveals something of their range and depth. Several early selections - including internal reports of the Swedish Institute for Metal Research, published here in their original shape - contained seminal material that established Mats as a leading figure in the study of phase transformations in solids. Others established his presence in the areas of solidification and computational thermodynamics.

This volume represents a judicious sampling only of Mats Hillert's extensive body of work; it is necessarily incomplete, but it is hoped and expected that it will prove useful to students of Material Science and Engineering at all levels, and that it will inspire the further study and appreciation of his many contributions.

Thermodynamics and Phase Tranformations - The Selected Works of Mats Hillert, Edition en anglais

For more than a half-century, Mats Hillert has contributed greatly to the Science of Materials.
He is widely known and respected as an innovator and an educator, a scientist with an enormous breadth of interest and depth of insight. The difficult choice of twenty-four papers from a publication list of more than three hundred was carried out in consultation with him. He also suggested or approved names of those scientists who would be invited to write brief introductions to each of the papers. A brief reading of the topics of the selected papers and their introductions reveals something of their range and depth.
Several early selections - including internal reports of the Swedish Institute for Metal Research, published here in their original shape - contained seminal material that established Mats as a leading figure in the study of phase transformations in solids. Others established his presence in the areas of solidification and computational thermodynamics. This volume represents a judicious sampling only of Mats Hillert's extensive body of work ; it is necessarily incomplete, but it is hoped and expected that it will prove useful to students of Materials Science and Engineering at ail levels, and that it will inspire the further study and appreciation of his many contributions.
John Aqren is professor in Physical Metallurgy at KTH in Sweden and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy for Engineering Sciences. His research interests are in thermodynamics, kinetics of phase transformations and microstructural evolution in steels and other alloys.

Thermodynamics and phase tranformations ; the selected works of Mats Hillert

Engineering progress essentially depends on the availability and the intelligent use of materials. For many key industry areas, Europe constitutes a premier place for the development of new materials and their applications. EUROMAT'99, the biannual meeting of the Federation of European Materials Societies is the most comprehensive European event to demonstrate the wideranging interdisciplinary use of materials. A selection of the best papers presented here have been united in this 13-volume set, thus providing a survey of the latest developments in research and application in the entire field of engineering materials and advanced production technologies. Light design, high safety and comfort, and environmental compatibility are the requirements which influence the use of materials in automobiles. In the aerospace industry, there is today a strong necessity to substantially reduce development time and costs. Rail vehicles and ships are characterized by extremely long lifetime and high mileages. The achievement of these different objectives relies on the availability of novel or improved materials and related processes.

Ses oeuvres

Ses derniers livres