Die Geschichte des jüdisch-römischen Krieges des antiken Historikers Flavius Josephus ist eines der bekanntesten und gleichzeitig tragischsten Werke des klassischen Altertums.

Eindrucksvoll schildert der Autor die Kämpfe der beiden gegnerischen Kriegsparteien und läßt dabei die unsäglichen Greuel des Krieges nicht aus.

Als Mitwirkender und Augenzeuge dieser Vorgänge ist Flavius Josephus eine Quelle ersten Ranges.

Geschichte des jüdisch-römischen Krieges

I Suppose that by my books of the Antiquity of the Jews, most excellent Epaphroditus, have made it evident to those who peruse them, that our Jewish nation is of very great antiquity, and had a distinct subsistence of its own originally; as also, I have therein declared how we came to inhabit this country wherein we now live. Those Antiquities contain the history of five thousand years, and are taken out of our sacred books, but are translated by me into the Greek tongue. However, since I observe a considerable number of people giving ear to the reproaches that are laid against us by those who bear ill-will to us, and will not believe what I have written concerning the antiquity of our nation, while they take it for a plain sign that our nation is of a late date, because they are not so much as vouchsafed a bare mention by the most famous historiographers among the Grecians. I therefore have thought myself under an obligation to write somewhat briefly about these subjects, in order to convict those that reproach us of spite and voluntary falsehood, and to correct the ignorance of others, and withal to instruct all those who are desirous of knowing the truth of what great antiquity we really are.

Against Apion

Whereas the war which the Jews made with the Romans hath been the greatest of all those, not only that have been in our times, but, in a manner, of those that ever were heard of; both of those wherein cities have fought against cities, or nations against nations; while some men who were not concerned in the affairs themselves have gotten together vain and contradictory stories by hearsay, and have written them down after a sophistical manner; and while those that were there present have given false accounts of things, and this either out of a humor of flattery to the Romans, or of hatred towards the Jews; and while their writings contain sometimes accusations, and sometimes encomiums, but no where the accurate truth of the facts; I have proposed to myself, for the sake of such as live under the government of the Romans, to translate those books into the Greek tongue, which I formerly composed in the language of our country, and sent to the Upper Barbarians; Joseph, the son of Matthias, by birth a Hebrew, a priest also, and one who at first fought against the Romans myself, and was forced to be present at what was done afterwards.

The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem

"I HAVE often wished, " says Warburton in a letter to Dr. Forster, October 15, 1749, "for a hand capable of collecting all the fragments remaining of Porphyry, Celsus, Hierocles, and Julian, and giving them to us with a just, critical and theological comment, as a defy to infidelity. It is certain we want something more than what their ancient answerers have given us. This would be a very noble work*." 

The author of the following Collectanea has partially effected what Dr. Warburton wished to see accomplished; for as he is not a divine , he has not attempted in his Notes to confute Celsus, but has confined himself solely to an illustration of his meaning, by a citation of parallel passages in other ancient authors. 

As the answer, however, of Origen to the arguments of Celsus is very futile and inefficient, it would be admirable to see some one of the learned divines with which the church at present abounds, leap into the arena, and by vanquishing Celsus, prove that the Christian religion is peculiarly adapted to the present times, and to the interest of the priests by whom it is professed and disseminated.

Against the Christians

Né à Jérusalem, prêtre et descendant des rois, Joseph fils de Matthias reçut l’éducation d’un rabbin et fréquenta toutes les sectes qui se partageaient le judaïsme. Mais, au lieu de devenir un docteur, il fait partie d’une ambassade à Rome, puis, quand la guerre éclate, prend un commandement en Galilée. Vaincu et fait prisonnier, il passe dès lors aux Romains. Le nouveau Titus Flavius Josephus assiste à la chute de Jérusalem, et nous lui devons le seul récit complet de la guerre de 66-73, jusqu’à la chute de Masada, que l’on ne connaît que par lui. L’œuvre de ce juif pieux nous a été transmise par les chrétiens, qui l’ont souvent considérée comme une sorte de “ cinquième évangile ”.La présente édition, établie à partir du texte publié par Josèphe, dans une traduction nouvelle de Pierre Savinel, est précédée d’une introduction de Pierre Vidal-Naquet qui, situant l’ouvrage dans son contexte historique et idéologique à la lumière des connaissances actuelles, lui redonne sa place exceptionnelle au centre des polémiques rattachées à l’identité juive depuis vingt siècles.

La Guerre des Juifs

Against Apion (Contra Apionem or In Apionem) was a polemical work written by Flavius Josephus as a defense of Judaism as a classical religion and philosophy, stressing its antiquity against what he perceived as more recent traditions of the Greeks. Josephus was born Jerusalem of a priestly and royal family. He excelled in his studies of Jewish law and studied with the Sadducees, Pharisees, and the Essenes, eventually aligning himself with the Pharisees. He went to Rome to free some imprisoned priests. After accomplishing this mission through the intercession of Nero's wife, Poppaea, he returned to Jerusalem to find the country in revolt against Rome. Josephus wrote a history of the Jewish War. His second major work was Antiquities of the Jews, his third Against Apion and The Life of Josephus, his autobiography. Josephus was an eyewitness to history, and his writings are considered authoritative.

Contre Apion

Maintenant, Hérode était un homme actif et a rapidement trouvé des matériaux appropriés pour que son esprit actif travaille.

Pourtant, Antiochus, qui s'appelait également Dionysius, est revenu à nouveau une origine de problèmes.

Maintenant, mon père Matthias n'était pas seulement éminent en raison de la noblesse, mais avait une félicité plus élevée en raison de sa justice, et était en grande réputation à Jérusalem, la plus grande ville que nous ayons.

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