La vérité dans les sciences

L'épidémie de la Covid racontée par 18 professeurs du Collège de France, dont la prix Nobel d'économie, Esther Duflo.

Ces grands esprits apportent des réponses originales aux questions que nous nous sommes posées sur cette pandémie.

Écrits à chaud pendant les trois mois de confinement, ces textes denses, courts, éclairants, s'adressent autant à notre esprit critique qu'à notre intelligence émotionnelle. 

Les éditions humenSciences et la Fondation du Collège de France ont voulu rendre accessible à tous, sous la forme d'un livre numérique, ce décryptage inédit. 

Nul doute que vous ressortirez de cette lecture convaincu que la crise est une opportunité pour inventer, peut-être pas un monde nouveau mais une autre relation au monde.

Une boussole pour l'Après

"J'ai écrit ce livre à partir de la matière de mes trente années d'enseignement au Collège de France. J'y traite aussi bien de la culture et de l'art, de la musique et de la peinture, que de la vie en société, de l'éthique et de la signification de la mort ; aussi bien des langues et de l'écriture que des bases neurales et moléculaires de la mémoire et de l'apprentissage. Ce livre est une fresque qui rassemble quantité de données diverses, de discussions et d'hypothèses variées. Il ancre le matériau de la science contemporaine dans l'histoire de toutes ces disciplines que sont la neurologie, l'éthologie, la biologie de l'évolution, la biologie du développement, l'étude de la conscience ou encore la psychologie expérimentale et la génomie. Ce livre, enfin, essaie de montrer qu'il nous revient d'inciter sans relâche le cerveau des hommes à inventer un futur qui permette à l'humanité d'accéder à une vie plus solidaire et plus heureuse pour et avec chacun d'entre nous" J.-P. C.

Du vrai, du beau, du bien - Une nouvelle approche neuronale

Un événement intellectuel : l'auteur de L'Homme neuronal, brillant neurologue représentant du matérialisme, dialogue avec l'un des meilleurs mathématiciens contemporains, médaille Fields en 1982. Les objets mathématiques sont-ils réels ? Les mathématiques sont-elles un langage universel ? La science conduit-elle à une éthique ? La morale peut-elle reposer sur des fondements naturels, sur des principes universels comparables à ceux des mathématiques ?Jean-Pierre Changeux et Alain Connes sont tous deux professeurs au Collège de France.

Matière à pensée

The purpose of this book is to give a clear and straightforward account of the remarkable properties of the nicotinic receptor for acetylcholine, a membrane protein involved in chemical transduction in the nervous system that is also the target of a widely used drug, nicotine. This molecule also happens to be the first pharmacological receptor and ion channel ever to have been identified. Jean-Pierre Changeux has played a leading role with Stuart J. Edelstein in the investigation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and allosteric proteins. The aim of this book is not only to review the most recent experimental and theoretical breakthroughs in the study of the nicotinic receptor, but also to give the reader a sense of the intellectual excitement and adventure that accompanied the various stages of discovery. This richly illustrated volume furnishes an exceptional opportunity for scientists and students to follow the course of a major advance in our understanding of the molecular basis of brain functions. Jean-Pierre Changeux is honorary professor at the Collège de France and at the Institut Pasteur, a member of the French Academy of Sciences. In addition to L'Homme neuronal [Neuronal Man] he is the author of Raison et Plaisir and L'Homme de vérité. He is also co-author, with Alain Connes, of Matière à penser [Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics] and, with Paul Ricour, of La Nature et la Règle [What Makes Us Think?]. All thought-provoking works. Stuart J. Edelstein is Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Geneva and a foreign associate member of the Academy of Sciences. "The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has served for many decades as the prototype for neurotransmitter receptors. Acetylcholine was the first neurotransmitter shown to be involved in the fonction of the mammalian brain and its nicotinic receptor the first receptor to be characterized. Jean-Pierre Changeux is the indisputable pioneer in this field. This volume summarizes with great lucidity the history of a highly important topic in neuroscience." Paul Greengard, Nobel laureate in Medecine - The Rockefeller University "From the molecule to thought itself - an extraordinary journey! Changeux and Edelstein are uniquely qualified to relate this utterly fascinating story, whose philosophical implications are no less important than the scientific research underlying them." Jean-Marie Lehn, Nobel laureate in Chemistry - ISIS-Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg "The human brain is as much a chemical as an electrical network. Its intricacy and sophistication set it apart from any known technical device. The groundbreaking papers by Monod, Jacob, Wyman, and Changeux in the 1960s on chemical regulation and control were eye-opening for all us who were doing experimental research in ths field, and they have turned out to be crucial for understanding biological evolution and learning in a broad sense. Since then Changeux and Edelstein have achieved international fame for their work on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, amply documented in this masterful account." Manfred Eigen, Nobel laureate in Chemistry - Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen "One hesitates to call this book a monograph, for despite its comprehensive treatment of a complex subject it is not meant solely for specialized readers. In concentrating on a single class of neuroreceptors, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, it seeks to draw out general principles which apply more widely. It will therefore be welcomed not only by serious workers and students in the field of neurobiology, but also by anyone interested in the broader field of neuroscience." Sir Aaron Klug OM FRS, Nobel laureate in Chemistry - University of Cambridge "Changeux and Edelstein have provided a concise yet highly comprehensive account of perhaps the prototypical neurotransmitter complex, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The story of how the roles played by this signal transduction system in nicotine dependence, learning, memory, and the processes of cognition came to be unraveled is an exciting saga, both beautiful and profound. A lovely historico-scientific document." Floyd E. Bloom, Professor Emeritus - The Scripps Research Institute "Changeux and Edelstein describe a classically Cartesian process of scientific investigation that leads to a most non-Cartesian conclusion. Having elucidated the mechanisms of action and interaction by which the various elements that make up the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor operate throughout the nervous system, from neuromuscular junctions to the brain itself, the authors turn to the role of thse structures and mechanisms in supporting cognition and giving access to consciousness - thus parting ways with Descartes and the view that the mind is able somehow to exist independently of the body. A work of truly remarkable erudition and insight." Roger Guillemin, Nobel laureate in Medicine - Salk Institute for Biological Studies "This book is unlike any recent scientific book. It is more like a forty-year research meeting in one of the world's most creative neurobiology laboratories-an intellectual tour de fortcheat surveys the developmental trends and achievements of twentieth-century neuroscience in molecular, structural, and functional terms. The book therefore becomes an extraordinary educational saga, moving from Sir Henry Dale's pharmacology of nicotine to genetic diseases involving mutations of the cation channel function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Research into these archetypal proteins has been carried out by pharmacologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, electrophysiologists, behavioral scientists, and geneticists, with Jean-Pierre Changeux and his coworkers participating in every aspect of this remarkable inquiry. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the workhorse of the fast actions of the chemical signal acetylcholine, abundantly transmitted in both the peripheral and the central nervous system. Thanks to their variable sub- unit composition they come in many flavors, mediating control of voluntary muscles in the periphery and helping to regulate reward functions, cognition, and memory in the brain. This rich functionality leads the authors to describe models of neuromuscular junction development as well a global workspace model of cognitive function and its role in effortful learning. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was among the first ligand-gated ion channels to be sequenced and studied by patch-clamp methods. It has been the object of neurobiological research in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States, with contributions of equal weight being made by many teams of researchers over a number of decades, all carefully chronicled and explained by the authors. This book is to be highly recommended to young scientists who want to discover into how many fields a single protein molecule can take them-from snake venom action to myasthenia gravis, addiction, learning, and schiz- ophrenia-if they are willing patiently to learn new research techniques rather than specialize in a single method or instrument. To investigate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in all its aspects requires a Renaissance mind, and it is exactly this that Changeux and Edelstein have brought to bear on one of the most studied topics in neuroscience of the last century." TAMAS BARTFAI, Chair and Professor, Department of Neuropharmacology The Scripps Research Institute

- Nicotinic receptors and neuronal communication

Dialogue entre un mathématicien et un neurobiologiste sur les liens qui peuvent exister entre le cerveau et les objets mathématiques, débouchant sur les rapports entre science et éthique.

Matière à Pensée

Origins Of The Human Brain

Jean-Pierre Changeux retrace ici pour nous son itinéraire, son «chemin des écoliers», du lycée Montaigne au laboratoire de biologie marine d'Arcachon, de sa rencontre avec Jacques Monod à son séjour aux États-Unis, de ses expériences sur le poisson électrique et les toxines de venin de serpent à sa rencontre avec Edgar Morin ou Stanislas Dehaene, de son travail à l'Institut Pasteur et au Collège de France à ses derniers travaux. Ce chercheur à la culture immense et éclectique, y compris en art et en philosophie, nous explique avec simplicité le chemin de sa réflexion, de la molécule aux réseaux de neurones, et de la stabilisation des synapses à l'espace neuronal conscient. Un témoignage exceptionnel.

La vérité dans les sciences

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