Pieter Bruegel

As famous during his lifetime as after his death, Rembrandt (1606-1669) was oneof the greatest masters of the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century. His portraitsnot only bring us back to that fascinating time, but also represent, above all, ahuman adventure; beneath every dab of paint the spirit of the model is hidden. Yet these portraits are only the tip of the Rembrandt iceberg, which consists of over 300canvasses, 350 engravings, and 2, 000 drawings. Throughout his oeuvre, the influence of Flemish Realism is as powerful as that of Caravaggio. He applied this skillful fusion of styles to all his works, conferring biblical subjects and everyday themes alike with an unparalleled and intimate emotional power. Because of his empathy for the human condition, he has been called "one of the great prophets of civilization".

Rembrandt (1606-1669)

Chaïm Soutine (1893-1943), peintre d'origine biélorusse, inconventionnel et controversé, combine influences de la peinture classique européenne avec postimpressionnisme et expressionnisme. En  tant  que  membre  des artistes  de Belarus,  un  groupe  de  l'école  de paris,  il  a  créé une  oeuvre  principalement composée de paysages, de natures mortes et de portraits. Son style individuel caractérisé par l'humour, le désespoir et par l'utilisation de couleurs vives, en fait un maître moderne qui est encore aujourd'hui peu compris.

Chaïm Soutine

Longtemps considéré comme la simple toile de fond d'une oeuvre, le paysage a dépassé la peinture religieuse et la peinture d'histoire pour devenir un genre à part entière. Si, pour les artistes, la nature a longtemps servi d'exercice et de décors aux sujets, elle a finalement été étudiée et intégrée dans leurs oeuvres comme un témoignage de l'étude éclairée et scientifique du monde.
Qu'il soit classique, romantique, impressionniste, post-impressionniste ou postmoderne, ce genre pictural ne cesse d'attirer les artistes qui y trouvent une source intarissable d'inspiration. Giorgione, les Bruegel, Le Lorrain, Poussin, Turner ou encore Constable, pour ne citer que les plus grands, sont autant de peintres paysagistes qui laissèrent une trace indélébile dans l'histoire de l'art.
À travers cette étude, Émile Michel nous offre un panorama exceptionnel, du XVe siècle à nos jours, sur l'art et la manière de peindre le monde dans toute sa splendeur.

L´Art du paysage

Rembrandt is completely mysterious in his spirit, his character, his life, his work and his method of painting. What we can divine of his essential nature comes through his painting and the trivial or tragic incidents of his unfortunate life; his penchant for ostentatious living forced him to declare bankruptcy. His misfortunes are not entirely explicable, and his oeuvre reflects disturbing notions and contradictory impulses emerging from the depths of his being, like the light and shade of his pictures. In spite of this, nothing perhaps in the history of art gives a more profound impression of unity than his paintings, composed though they are of such different elements, full of complex significations. One feels as if his intellect, that genial, great, free mind, bold and ignorant of all servitude and which led him to the loftiest meditations and the most sublime reveries, derived from the same source as his emotions. From this comes the tragic element he imprinted on everything he painted, irrespective of subject; there was inequality in his work as well as the sublime, which may be seen as the inevitable consequence of such a tumultuous existence. 

It seems as though this singular, strange, attractive and almost enigmatic personality was slow in developing, or at least in attaining its complete expansion. Rembrandt showed talent and an original vision of the world early, as evidenced in his youthful etchings and his first self-portraits of about 1630. In painting, however, he did not immediately find the method he needed to express the still incomprehensible things he had to say, that audacious, broad and personal method which we admire in the masterpieces of his maturity and old age. In spite of its subtlety, it was adjudged brutal in his day and certainly contributed to alienate his public.

From the time of his beginnings and of his successes, however, lighting played a major part in his conception of painting and he made it the principal instrument of his investigations into the arcana of interior life. It already revealed to him the poetry of human physiognomy when he painted The Philosopher in Meditation or the Holy Family, so deliciously absorbed in its modest intimacy, or, for example, in The Angel Raphael leaving Tobias. Soon he asked for something more. The Night Watch marks at once the apotheosis of his reputation. He had a universal curiosity and he lived, meditated, dreamed and painted thrown back on himself. He thought of the great Venetians, borrowing their subjects and making of them an art out of the inner life of profound emotion. Mythological and religious subjects were treated as he treated his portraits. For all that he took from reality and even from the works of others, he transmuted it instantly into his own substance.

Harmensz van Rijn Rembrandt

Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) has long been considered one of the greatest artists in European history. His paintings have launched imitations and homages, including best-selling novels, a recent TV series, and even a handful of popular films. Now, for the first time, this lovely text by Émile Michel is paired with carefully curated selections from Rembrandt's portfolio to illuminate the history and work of this celebrated master of light.

Rembrandt

Pieter Brueghel was the first important member of a family of artists who were active for four generations. Firstly a drawer before becoming a painter later, he painted religious themes, such as Babel Tower, with very bright colours. Influenced by Hieronymus Bosch, he painted large, complex scenes of peasant life and scripture or spiritual allegories, often with crowds of subjects performing a variety of acts, yet his scenes are unified with an informal integrity and often with wit. In his work, he brought a new humanising spirit. Befriending the Humanists, Brueghel composed true philosophical landscapes in the heart of which man accepts passively his fate, caught in the track of time.

The Brueghels

Although considered a minor genre for a long time, the art of landscape has risen above its forebears - religious and historic painting - to become a genre of its own. Giorgione in Italy, the Brueghels of the Flemish School, Claude Lorrain and Poussain of the French School, the Dutch landscape painters and Turner and Constable of England are just a few of the great landscapists who have left their indelible mark on the history of landscape and the art of painting as a whole.

After serving for a long time as a backdrop for paintings and as a skill-practising exercise for artists, nature came to be observed for its own sake and was incorporated into works of art as an illustration of an enlightened and scientific study of the world. Through continual change, it has inspired the greatest painters and has allowed some others, like Turner, to transcend the relentless search for mere realism in pictorial representation. Through this study, Émile Michel offers an exceptional panorama, from the 15th century to the present, of art and the way artists portray the world in all its splendour.

Landscapes

C'est en 1894 que la Revue des Deux Mondes publia l'ambitieuse étude sur Diego Velázquez (1599-1660) qui constitue le coeur de ce volume. Profond tout en restant accessible, ce texte condense avec clarté l'essentiel des savoirs de l'époque sur le grand héros du siècle d'or espagnol. Au-delà d'une simple biographie, c'est bien la « physionomie » de Velázquez qu'Émile Michel entend analyser, tout en jugeant primordial de demeurer au plus près des oeuvres et de leur matérialité.
Cette étude se voit ici enrichie d'un second article remontant à 1861, sous la plume de l'archéologue et homme politique français Charles-Ernest Beulé, dans lequel il partage avec franchise et enthousiasme ses impressions sur l'artiste.
Entièrement dédiés au génie de l'auteur des Ménines et à la poétique puissante de ses représentations, ces deux textes marquent les étapes successives de l'installation définitive de Velázquez parmi les maîtres incontournables de la peinture européenne.

Pieter Bruegel

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