Russian countryside is some of the world's most lovely, from the celebrated explosions of wild flowers that fill its forests in the spring, to the icy winter tundra that defeated the advances of Napoleon and Hitler, and provided the backdrop for the drama of many of Russian literature's celebrated scenes. And no one immortalized it better than Ivan Shishkin (1832-1898), a Russian landscape painter. In this comprehensive work of scholarship, Irina Shuvalova and Victoria Charles make a thorough examination of Shishkin's work.

Ivan Shishkin

Spanish architect and designer, Antoni Gaudí (1852-1926) was an important and influential figure in the history of contemporary Spanish art. His use of colour, application of a range of materials and the introduction of organic forms into his constructions were an innovation in the realm of architecture. In his journal, Gaudí freely expressed his own feelings on art, "the colours used in architecture have to be intense, logical and fertile." His completed works (the Casa Batlló, 1905-1907 and the Casa Milà, 1905-1910) and his incomplete works (the restoration of the Poblet Monastery and the altarpiece of Alella in Barcelona) illustrate the importance of this philosophy. 
His furniture designs were conceived with the same philosophy, as shown, for example, in his own office (1878) or the lamps in the Plaza Real in Barcelona. The Sagrada Familia (1882-1926) was a monumental project which eventually took over his life (it was still incomplete at the time of his death).

Antoni Gaudí and artworks

Bei seinen Zeitgenossen vor allem als Mäzen und Sammler bekannt, nimmt Caillebotte heute seinen rechtmäßigen Platz im Pantheon der Künstler ein  als Maler, der in seinen bahnbrechenden Werken in einzigartiger Weise den Realismus mit dem Impressionismus verbindet. Bemerkenswert ist die Verbindung von fotografischen Techniken, von der Perspektive und der akkuraten Abbildung der Realität mit der poetischen Freilichtmalerei des Impressionismus.
     Diese Monografie erffnet dem Leser einen neuen Blick auf diesen faszinierenden Künstler, der Kunst und Realität in einer eigenen künstlerischen Sprache verband, während er die außerordentlichen Talente seiner Zeit frderte.

Gustave Caillebotte und Kunstwerke

S'étant développé à travers l'Europe pendant plus de 200 ans, l'art gothique est un mouvement qui trouve ses raciness dans la puissante architecture des cathédrales du nord de la France. Délaissant la rondeur romane, les architectes commencèrent à utiliser les arcs-boutants et les voûtes en berceau brisé pour ouvrir les cathédrales à la lumière. Période de bouleversements économiques et sociaux, la période gothique vit aussi le développement d'une nouvel iconographie célébrant la Vierge, à l'opposé de l'iconographie terrifiante de l'époque romane. Riche de changements dans tous les domaines (architecture, sculpture, peinture, enluminure, etc.), l'art gothique s'effaça peu à peu face à la Renaissance italienne.

L'Art gothique

Die Wiener Secession, gegründet von Gustav Klimt, Carl Moll und Josef Hoffmann, war ein Wegbereiter für die moderne Kunst. Zwanzig Künstler rebellierten gegen den erdrückenden Einfluss des konservativen Künstlerhauses auf die Wiener Kunstszene, gegen die veraltete Kunst einer Epoche und gegen die Mentalität des Kaiserreichs Österreich-Ungarn im Allgemeinen. Als Erben des Art Nouveau waren diese Künstler nicht einfach um ihre eigene Kunstnische bemüht, sondern strebten nach der Verwirklichung eines "Gesamtkunstwerks", einem umfassenden Kunstbegriff, der Kunsthandwerk, bildende Kunst und Architektur vereinen sollte.

Der Kampf der Secession repräsentierte gleichzeitig den Kampf vieler Kunsthandwerker, Architekten und Gestalter dieser Epoche, der Bevölkerung ein neues Kunstverständnis nahezubringen. Die Künstler der Secession kehrten der etablierten Kunst den Rücken, um mit neuen dekorativen Formen und Ideen zu experimentieren und sich für eine sinnträchtige, erotische Ästhetik zu öffnen - ein Weg, der sie auf Kollisionskurs mit dem gutbürgerlichen Empfinden der gehobenen Wiener Gesellschaft brachte.

Dieser Bildband eröffnet dem Leser die Vielfalt und die Bildgewaltigkeit einer revolutionären Kunstbewegung, deren Motto "Der Zeit ihre Kunst. Der Kunst ihre Freiheit" ein Ausdruck eines neuen, innovativen Kunstverständnisses ist, das sich allumfassend in der Malerei, Bildhauerei und Architektur dieser Gruppe widerspiegelt.

Wiener Secession

John Constable was the first English landscape painter to take no lessons from the Dutch. He is rather indebted to the landscapes of Rubens, but his real model was Gainsborough, whose landscapes, with great trees planted in well-balanced masses on land sloping upwards towards the frame, have a rhythm often found in Rubens. Constable's originality does not lie in his choice of subjects, which frequently repeated themes beloved by Gainsborough. Nevertheless, Constable seems to belong to a new century; he ushered in a new era. The difference in his approach results both from technique and feeling. Excepting the French, Constable was the first landscape painter to consider as a primary and essential task the sketch made direct from nature at a single sitting; an idea which contains in essence the destinies of modern landscape, and perhaps of most modern painting. It is this momentary impression of all things which will be the soul of the future work. Working at leisure upon the large canvas, an artist's aim is to enrich and complete the sketch while retaining its pristine freshness. These are the two processes to which Constable devoted himself, while discovering the exuberant abundance of life in the simplest of country places. He had the palette of a creative colourist and a technique of vivid hatchings heralding that of the French impressionists. He audaciously and frankly introduced green into painting, the green of lush meadows, the green of summer foliage, all the greens which, until then, painters had refused to see except through bluish, yellow, or more often brown spectacles. Of the great landscape painters who occupied so important a place in nineteenth-century art, Corot was probably the only one to escape the influence of Constable. All the others are more or less direct descendants of the master of East Bergholt.

Constable

From ancient Sumerian pottery to Tiffany stained glass, decorative art has been a fundamental part of the human experience for generations. While fine art is confined to galleries and museums, decorative art is the art of the every day, combining beauty with functionality in objects ranging from the prosaic to the fantastical. In this work, Albert Jacquemart celebrates the beauty and artistic potential behind even the most quotidian object. Readers will walk away from this text with a newfound appreciation for the subtle artistry of the manufactured world.

1000 Masterpieces of Decorative Art

Die Wiener Secession, gegründet von Gustav Klimt, Carl Moll und Josef Hoffmann, war ein Wegbereiter für die moderne Kunst. Zwanzig Künstler rebellierten gegen den erdrückenden Einfluss des konservativen Künstlerhauses auf die Wiener Kunstszene, gegen die veraltete Kunst einer Epoche und gegen die Mentalität des Kaiserreichs Österreich-Ungarn im Allgemeinen. Als Erben des Art Nouveau waren diese Künstler nicht einfach um ihre eigene Kunstnische bemüht, sondern strebten nach der Verwirklichung eines Gesamtkunstwerks, einem umfassenden Kunstbegriff, der Kunsthandwerk, bildende Kunst und Architektur vereinen sollte.
Der Kampf der Secession repräsentierte gleichzeitig den Kampf vieler Kunsthandwerker, Architekten und Gestalter dieser Epoche, der Bevlkerung ein neues Kunstverständnis nahezubringen. Die Künstler der Secession kehrten der etablierten Kunst den Rücken, um mit neuen dekorativen Formen und Ideen zu experimentieren und sich für eine sinnträchtige, erotische Ästhetik zu ffnen  ein Weg, der sie auf Kollisionskurs mit dem gutbürgerlichen Empfinden der gehobenen Wiener Gesellschaft brachte.
Dieser Bildband erffnet dem Leser die Vielfalt und die Bildgewaltigkeit einer revolutionären Kunstbewegung, deren Motto Der Zeit ihre Kunst. Der Kunst ihre Freiheit ein Ausdruck eines neuen, innovativen Kunstverständnisses ist, das sich allumfassend in der Malerei, Bildhauerei und Architektur dieser Gruppe widerspiegelt.

Goya is perhaps the most approachable of painters. His art, like his life, is an open book. He concealed nothing from his contemporaries, and offered his art to them with the same frankness. The entrance to his world is not barricaded with technical difficulties. He proved that if a man has the capacity to live and multiply his experiences, to fight and work, he can produce great art without classical decorum and traditional respectability. He was born in 1746, in Fuendetodos, a small mountain village of a hundred inhabitants. As a child he worked in the fields with his two brothers and his sister until his talent for drawing put an end to his misery. At fourteen, supported by a wealthy patron, he went to Saragossa to study with a court painter and later, when he was nineteen, on to Madrid. Up to his thirty-seventh year, if we leave out of account the tapestry cartoons of unheralded decorative quality and five small pictures, Goya painted nothing of any significance, but once in control of his refractory powers, he produced masterpieces with the speed of Rubens. His court appointment was followed by a decade of incessant activity - years of painting and scandal, with intervals of bad health. Goya's etchings demonstrate a draughtsmanship of the first rank. In paint, like Velázquez, he is more or less dependent on the model, but not in the detached fashion of the expert in still-life. If a woman was ugly, he made her a despicable horror; if she was alluring, he dramatised her charm. He preferred to finish his portraits at one sitting and was a tyrant with his models. Like Velázquez, he concentrated on faces, but he drew his heads cunningly, and constructed them out of tones of transparent greys. Monstrous forms inhabit his black-and-white world: these are his most profoundly deliberated productions. His fantastic figures, as he called them, fill us with a sense of ignoble joy, aggravate our devilish instincts and delight us with the uncharitable ecstasies of destruction. His genius attained its highest point in his etchings on the horrors of war. When placed beside the work of Goya, other pictures of war pale into sentimental studies of cruelty. He avoided the scattered action of the battlefield, and confined himself to isolated scenes of butchery. Nowhere else did he display such mastery of form and movement, such dramatic gestures and appalling effects of light and darkness. In all directions Goya renewed and innovated.

Ivan Shishkin

Résumé

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