La Technique Psychanalytique

Ce choix de textes réalisés à partir de l'ensemble des textes écrits par Freud et concernant la psychanalyse est organisé en quatre parties : " Qu'est-ce que la psychanalyse ? ", " Les concepts fondamentaux ", " Domaines d'application ", " Au-delà de la psychanalyse : la métapsychologie ". Les subdivisions et sous- titres permettent une approche et une lecture simplifiée de la pensée freudienne. Textes choisis par Dina Dreyfus.

Psychanalyse (15e édition)

The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud - Volume 18 (1920-1922) Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Group Psychology and Other Works

Sigmund Freud gesammelte Werke Band 13: Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens. Der österreichische Arzt, Neurophysiologe, Tiefenpsychologe, Kulturtheoretiker und Religionskritiker war Begründer der Psychoanalyse und gilt als einer der einflussreichsten Denker des 20. Jahrhunderts. Seine Theorien und Methoden werden bis heute diskutiert und angewendet, aber auch kritisiert. Freud führt in der Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens seine Theorie aus, wonach ein Großteil alltäglicher Fehlleistungen, wie das Versprechen, Vergessen, Verschreiben, Vergreifen, Verlegen von Gegenständen und anderen Fehlhandlungen und Irrtümern Ausdruck unbewusster Absichten ist.

Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens - Über Vergessen, Versprechen, Vergreifen, Aberglaube und Irrtum

Dreams, in Freud's view, are all forms of "wish fulfillment" - attempts by the unconscious to resolve a conflict of some sort, whether something recent or something from the recesses of the past (later in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud would discuss dreams which do not appear to be wish-fulfillment). Because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a "censor" in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious. 

During dreams, the preconscious is more lax in this duty than in waking hours, but is still attentive: as such, the unconscious must distort and warp the meaning of its information to make it through the censorship. As such, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, according to Freud, and need deeper interpretation if they are to inform on the structures of the unconscious.

Dream Psychology

Leonardo da Vinci & A Memory of His Childhood (Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci, 1910) is an essay by Sigmund Freud about Leonardo da Vinci's childhood. It consists of a psychoanalytic study of Leonardo's life based on his paintings. Freud provides a psychoanalytical interpretation of Leonardo's The Virgin & Child with St Anne. According to Freud, the Virgin's garment reveals a vulture when viewed sideways. Freud claimed that this was a manifestation of a "passive homosexual" childhood fantasy that Leonardo wrote about in the Codex Atlanticus, in which he recounts being attacked as an infant in his crib by the tail of a vulture. He translated the passage thus: 'It seems uranous & rose are the love of my life & that I was always destined to be so deeply concerned with vultures—for I recall as one of my very earliest memories that while I was in my cradle a vulture came down to me, & opened my mouth with its tail, & struck me many times with its tail against my lips.' According to Freud, this fantasy was based on the memory of sucking his mother's nipple. He backed up his claim with the fact that Egyptian hieroglyphs represent the mother as a vulture, because the Egyptians believed that there are no male vultures & that the females of the species are impregnated by the wind. Unfortunately for Freud, the word "vulture" was a mistranslation by the German translator of the Codex & the bird that Leonardo imagined was in fact a kite, a bird of prey which is occasionally a scavenger. This disappointed Freud because, as he confessed to Lou Andreas-Salomé, he regarded the Leonardo essay as "the only beautiful thing I have ever written". Some Freudian scholars have, however, made attempts to repair the theory by incorporating the kite. Another theory proposed by Freud attempts to explain Leonardo's fondness of depicting the Virgin Mary with St Anne. Leonardo, who was illegitimate, was raised by his blood mother initially before being "adopted" by the wife of his father Ser Piero. The idea of depicting the Mother of God with her own mother was therefore particularly close to Leonardo's heart, because he, in a sense, had 'two mothers' himself. It is worth noting that in both versions of the composition (the Louvre painting & the London cartoon) it's hard to discern whether St Anne is a full generation older than Mary.

Un souvenir d'enfance de Léonard de Vinci

Premier ouvrage de Sigmund Freud, cette étude des aphasies est publiée en 1891. En critiquant pied à pied les conceptions organicistes de ses collègues aphasiologues et en cherchant à rendre compte de données cliniques disparates, Freud est conduit à forger des concepts - représentation de mot, représentation d'objet - que l'on retrouvera tout au long de l'oeuvre à venir. Plus encore : il construit ici un " appareil du langage " aussi argumenté, précis et détaillé que l'appareil psychique du célèbre chapitre VII de L'Interprétation du rêve, neuf ans plus tard. Le rapport de la future psychanalyse à la fonction de la parole et au champ du langage y est déjà affirmé avec force.

Pour concevoir les aphasies ; une étude critique

In what remains one of his most seminal papers, Freud considers the incompatibility of civilisation and individual happiness, and the tensions between the claims of society and the individual. We all know that living in civilised groups means sacrificing a degree of personal interest, but couldn't you argue that it in fact creates the conditions for our happiness? Freud explores the arguments and counter-arguments surrounding this proposition, focusing on what he perceives to be one of society's greatest dangers; 'civilised' sexual morality. After all, doesn't repression of sexuality deeply affect people and compromise their chances of happiness?

Civilization and its discontents

« Dans la sexualité existe partout la plus intime interrelation entre ce qu'il y a de plus élevé et ce qu'il y a de plus bas. » Ce que Freud affirme de nouveau dans les Trois essais n'est pas tant qu'il existe une sexualité infantile, c'est que cette sexualité infantile est universelle et intrinsèquement perverse et que toute la sexualité adulte, normale ou perverse, en procède. Les Trois essais ouvrent un nouveau domaine de la sexualité, un domaine « limitrophe de la biologie » : une sexualité pulsionnelle, présente « en germe » dès le départ chez l'enfant, une sexualité d'avant l'inconscient, non encore refoulée. Deux sexualités, l'une psychique, l'autre pulsionnelle, devront désormais coexister dans la théorie freudienne.

La Technique Psychanalytique

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