The influence of works by French artists extends itself across all artistic styles, and many French works have gained world fame as classics. This book gives an overview of the French milestones in still lifes, portraits, and landscapes, and includes artists like Poussin, Clouet, Moreau, Millet, Courbet, Signac, and Rouault. The convenient format makes the Mega Square edition an ideal gift for any art lover.

French Painting 120 illustrations

La période de la Renaissance débute en Italie à la fin du XIVe siècle et s'étend sur tout le continent européen jusqu'à la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle. La redécouverte des splendeurs de la Grèce et de la Rome antique marque les débuts d'une « renaissance » des arts, en rupture avec les dogmes du Moyen Âge. Nombre d'artistes vont innover aussi bien dans les domaines de la peinture, que dans ceux de la sculpture et de l'architecture. Le réel et l'idéal, le profane et le sacré, le mouvement et la perspective constitueront les thèmes de référence, qui influenceront l'art européen pour les quatre siècles à venir.

Léonard de Vinci, Michel-Ange, Botticelli, Fra Angelico, Giorgione, Mantegna, Raphaël, Dürer et Bruegel sont au nombre de ces artistes qui apporteront une contribution décisive à l'art de la Renaissance.

L'Art de la Renaissance

In utter contrast to the obscurity of the medieval period which preceded it, the rapid and unexpected arrival of the Renaissance conquered Europe during the 14th to the 16th centuries. Placing man at its centre, the actors of this illustrious movement radically altered their vision of the world and refocused their aesthetic pursuits towards anatomy, perspective, and the natural sciences. Creator of numerous talents, the Renaissance offered the history of art great names such as Botticelli, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci, whose glorious masterpieces still today hang on the walls of museums the world over.

Renaissance Paintings

Das Wort Rokoko leitet sich wahrscheinlich von dem vermutlich in französischen Emigrantenkreisen aufgekommenen Wort ""rocaille"" (Muschel) ab. Diese Kunstrichtung entwickelte sich zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts und breitete sich schnell in ganz Europa aus. Ihre verspielten und extravaganten Charakteristika standen im Einklang mit dem feinsinnigen Lebensgefühl der Aristokratie zu jener Zeit. In vielerlei Hinsicht gilt das Barock als Vorläufer dieser oft auch als Spätbarock bezeichneten Kunstrichtung. Während die Werke Tiepolos, Bouchers und Reynolds die Höhepunkte der Rokoko-Kunst darstellen, wurde die Strömung gelegentlich wegen ihrer vermeintlichen Oberflächlichkeit verurteilt.

In der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts verschwand das Rokoko allmählich und machte dem Neoklassizismus Platz. Erst ungefähr ein Jahrhundert später entdeckten Kunsthistoriker den Glanz dieses von Klaus H. Carl und Victoria Charles näher untersuchten goldenen Zeitalters wieder.

Rokoko

Entre courbes et contre-courbes, Mucha créa, à la fin du XIXe siècle, une égérie nouvelle qui devait hanter les rues de Paris. Au fil des représentations de Sarah Bernhard, cette muse voluptueuse devint un véritable emblème de l'Art nouveau et offrit à l'affichiste succès et renommée.

Néanmoins, le talent de l'artiste ne se limita jamais à la lithographie. Nourri par cette passion d'exalter, au mieux, la sensualité du monde qui l'entourait, l'art de Mucha, s'exprima indifféremment tant sur les monumentaux panneaux décoratifs des salles à manger que sur les petites pièces délicates de porcelaine. C'est toute la richesse et la variété de cet artiste fin-de-siècle que nous fait redécouvrir ici l'auteur.

Alphonse Mucha

Picasso was born a Spaniard and, so they say, began to draw before he could speak. As an infant he was instinctively attracted to artist's tools. In early childhood he could spend hours in happy concentration drawing spirals with a sense and meaning known only to himself. At other times, shunning children's games, he traced his first pictures in the sand. This early self-expression held out promise of a rare gift. Málaga must be mentioned, for it was there, on 25 October 1881, that Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born and it was there that he spent the first ten years of his life. Picasso's father was a painter and professor at the School of Fine Arts and Crafts. Picasso learnt from him the basics of formal academic art training. Then he studied at the Academy of Arts in Madrid but never finished his degree. Picasso, who was not yet eighteen, had reached the point of his greatest rebelliousness; he repudiated academia's anemic aesthetics along with realism's pedestrian prose and, quite naturally, joined those who called themselves modernists, the non-conformist artists and writers, those whom Sabartés called "the élite of Catalan thought" and who were grouped around the artists' café Els Quatre Gats. During 1899 and 1900 the only subjects Picasso deemed worthy of painting were those which reflected the "final truth"; the transience of human life and the inevitability of death. His early works, ranged under the name of "Blue Period" (1901-1904), consist in blue-tinted paintings influenced by a trip through Spain and the death of his friend, Casagemas. Even though Picasso himself repeatedly insisted on the inner, subjective nature of the Blue Period, its genesis and, especially, the monochromatic blue were for many years explained as merely the results of various aesthetic influences. Between 1905 and 1907, Picasso entered a new phase, called "Rose Period" characterised by a more cheerful style with orange and pink colours. In Gosol, in the summer of 1906 the nude female form assumed an extraordinary importance for Picasso; he equated a depersonalised, aboriginal, simple nakedness with the concept of "woman". The importance that female nudes were to assume as subjects for Picasso in the next few months (in the winter and spring of 1907) came when he developed the composition of the large painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. Just as African art is usually considered the factor leading to the development of Picasso's classic aesthetics in 1907, the lessons of Cézanne are perceived as the cornerstone of this new progression. This relates, first of all, to a spatial conception of the canvas as a composed entity, subjected to a certain constructive system. Georges Braque, with whom Picasso became friends in the autumn of 1908 and together with whom he led Cubism during the six years of its apogee, was amazed by the similarity of Picasso's pictorial experiments to his own. He explained that: "Cubism's main direction was the materialisation of space." After his Cubist period, in the 1920s, Picasso returned to a more figurative style and got closer to the surrealist movement. He represented distorted and monstrous bodies but in a very personal style. After the bombing of Guernica during 1937, Picasso made one of his most famous works which starkly symbolises the horrors of that war and, indeed, all wars. In the 1960s, his art changed again and Picasso began looking at the art of great masters and based his paintings on ones by Velázquez, Poussin, Goya, Manet, Courbet and Delacroix. Picasso's final works were a mixture of style, becoming more colourful, expressive and optimistic. Picasso died in 1973, in his villa in Mougins. The Russian Symbolist Georgy Chulkov wrote: "Picasso's death is tragic. Yet how blind and naïve are those who believe in imitating Picasso and learning from him. Learning what? For these forms have no corresponding emotions outside of Hell. But to be in Hell means to anticipate death. The Cubists are hardly privy to such unlimited knowledge".

Pablo Picasso

Dalí, Salvador (Figueras, 1904 - Torre-Galatea, 1989)

Peintre, artiste, créateur d'objets, écrivain et cinéaste, il est connu du public comme un des représentants majeur du surréalisme. Buñuel, Lorca, Picasso, Breton. : ces rencontres constituent autant d'étapes dans la carrière de Dalí. Réalisé avec Buñuel, le film Un chien andalou marque son entrée officielle dans le groupe des surréalistes parisiens où il rencontre Gala, la femme d'Éluard, qui deviendra sa compagne et son inspiratrice. Entre cet artiste éclectique et provocateur et les surréalistes parisiens, les relations se tendront progressivement à partir de 1934 jusqu'à la rupture avec Breton, cinq ans plus tard. Pourtant, l'art de Dalí relève bien de l'esthétique surréaliste dont il a conservé le goût pour le dépaysement, l'humour et l'imagination.

Salvador Dalí

Die Renaissance begann gegen Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts in Italien und breitete sich bis zur zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts über ganz Europa aus. Die Wiederentdeckung der Pracht des griechischen und römischen Altertums markierte den Beginn der Wiedergeburt der Künste nach dem Zusammenbruch der dogmatischen Gewissheiten des Mittelalters. Eine ganze Reihe von Künstlern entwickelte in Malerei, Bildhauerei und Architektur Innovationen. Mit der Darstellung von Idealen und der Wirklichkeit, des Heiligen und des Profanen, etablierte die Bewegung einen Rahmen, der die europäische Kunst und Kultur der folgenden vier Jahrhunderte prägte.

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Botticelli, Fra Angelico, Giorgione, Mantegna, Raffael, Dürer und Bruegel sind Künstler, die einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Kunst der Renaissance leisteten.

French Painting 120 illustrations

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