Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE 2021

This report analyses the results of simulations using an agent based model of financial markets to show how excessive levels of leverage in financial markets can lead to a systemic crash.  Investors overload on risky assets betting more than they have to gamble creating a tremendous level of vulnerability in the system as a whole.  Plummeting asset prices render banks unable or unwilling to provide credit as they fear they might be unable to cover their own liabilities due to potential loan defaults.  Whether an overleveraged borrower is a sovereign nation or major financial institution, recent history illustrates how defaults carry the risk of contagion in a globally interconnected economy. The resulting slowdown of investment in the real economy impacts actors at all levels, from small businesses to homebuyers. Bankruptcies lead to job losses and a drop in aggregate demand, leading to more businesses and individuals being unable to repay their loans, reinforcing a downward spiral that can trigger a recession, depression or bring about stagflation in the real economy. This can have a devastating impact not only on economic prosperity across the board, but also consumer sentiment and trust in the ability of the system to generate long-term wealth and growth.

Systemic Financial Risk

In response to the ongoing economic crisis, Italy is undertaking a series of critically important reforms, combining pro-growth policies with severe austerity measures to achieve fiscal consolidation. The success of these structural reforms will rely heavily on the capacity of the government to restore trust in its ability and commitment to guide the country towards sustainable economic growth. At the time of this publication, however, less than a quarter of Italian citizens trusted the quality of government decision-making. Concerns over public integrity and corruption stand out as key elements underlying this prevailing lack of trust.

To restore the deficit of trust in the Italian government, the public sector needs to be embedded within a comprehensive integrity framework. Law 190 of November 6, 2012 (the Anti-Corruption Law) enshrines public sector integrity management and strengthens existing corruption prevention provisions through the designation of a new anti-corruption authority, a detailed framework for the adoption of a national anti-corruption plan, and new provisions regarding the conduct and prevention of conflict of interests in the public sector.

This OECD Integrity Review provides guidance on the implementation of key integrity and corruption prevention elements of the Law, most notably those concerning institutional coordination, the regulation of conduct and whistleblower protection, and management of integrity risks in public sector activities. The review concludes each chapter with proposals for action, with OECD member countries' best practices in mind, with the ultimate goal of supporting Italy in its efforts to enhance integrity in the public sector and restore trust.

Oecd integrity review of italy - reinforcing public sector integrity, restoring trust for sustainabl

For the most part, the findings are clear: while many donors and partner country governments have made significant progress towards the targets that they set themselves for 2010, few of them have been met. Partner country authorities appear to have gone further in implementing their commitments under the Paris Declaration than donors, though efforts - and progress - also vary significantly across countries and donor organisations.

As the international community takes stock of what has been achieved on the occasion of the Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan, Korea (29 November to 1 December 2011), this report sets out evidence of progress and challenges in making aid more effective. This evidence should help forge a consensus beyond Busan that aid - and its effectiveness -represents only one element of a broader landscape of development finance and joint efforts to make aid more effective can and should inform a broader development effectiveness agenda.

Aid Effectiveness 2011

L'industrie de l'assurance présente une composante essentielle de l'économie, par l'importance des primes collectées et des investissements réalisés et, plus fondamentalement, en raison du rôle social et économique qu'elle joue en couvrant les risques des particuliers et des entreprises.

Cette publication annuelle rassemble les principales données statistiques officielles du secteur des assurances pour tous les pays de l'OCDE. Le lecteur y trouvera des informations sur les activités de cette industrie ainsi que des indications sur les grandes tendances du marché international.

Pour la première fois, un chapitre analytique intégrant des données des pays de l'OCDE et de certaines économies supplémentaires a été inséré. Ce chapitre additionnel met en évidence les raisons sous-jacentes des tendances dans la croissance des primes brutes et les développements des sinistres entre 2010 et 2011, et présente des indicateurs clés de performance.

Les données, standardisées dans la mesure du possible, sont détaillées en nombreuses sous-rubriques et une série d'indicateurs permet une meilleure compréhension des caractéristiques des différents marchés nationaux. Cette publication constitue un outil indispensable aux utilisateurs des administrations, du monde des affaires et du monde universitaire amenés à travailler dans le domaine des assurances.

Les données de cette publication sont également disponibles sous forme de base de données en ligne via http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/ins-data-fr (Lien -> http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/ins-data-fr)).

Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les assurances 2012

Enseignement et formation dans le domaine nucléaire : faut-il s'inquiéter ?

This annual publication provides major official insurance statistics for all OECD countries, selected economies in Asia, Africa and for the first time countries belonging to the Association of Latin American Insurance Supervisors (ASSAL). It includes information on the diverse activities of the industry and on international insurance market trends. An analytical chapter including data from OECD members and selected additional economies highlights the underlying reasons for the trends in gross premium growth and claims developments between 2011 and 2012, and presents key performance indicators. The data, which are standardised as far as possible, are broken down under numerous sub-headings, and a series of indicators makes the characteristics of the national markets more readily comprehensible. This publication is an essential tool for civil servants, professionals and academics working in the insurance field.

OECD Insurance Statistics 2013

This report contains Phase 1 and Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Reviews for Argentina, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing.

The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.

The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.

All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 and Phase 2 - reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.

For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please refer to www.oecd.org/tax/transparency and www.eoi-tax.org.

Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Argentina 2013

Les Perspectives économiques de l´OCDE, publication semestrielle, présentent une analyse des grandes tendances économiques qui marqueront les deux années à venir. Les Perspectives économiques proposent un ensemble cohérent de projections concernant la production, l´emploi, les prix et balances des opérations courantes et budgétaires. Tous les pays membres de l´OCDE sont examinés ainsi que certains pays non membres. Cette édition comporte une évaluation générale, des chapitres résumant les tendances économiques et fournissant des projections par pays, un chapitre spécial sur les perspectives de croissance et impératifs budgétaires à long terme, et enfin, une annexe statistique.

Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE 2021

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