Born in 1860 in a small Czech town, Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939) was an artist on the forefront of Art Nouveau, the modernist movement that swept Paris in the 1910s, marking a return to the simplicity of natural forms, and changing the world of art and design forever. In fact, Art Nouveau was known to insiders as the "Mucha style" for the legions of imitators who adapted the master's celebrated tableaux. Today, his distinctive depictions of lithe young women in classical dress have become a pop cultural touchstone, inspiring album covers, comic books, and everything in between. Patrick Bade and Victoria Charles offer readers an inspiring survey of Mucha's career, illustrated with over one hundred lustrous images, from early Parisian advertisements and posters for Sandra Bernhardt, to the famous historical murals painted just before his death, at the age of 78, in 1939.

Alphonse Mucha

Edward Coley Burne-Jones (Birmingham, 1833 - Londres, 1898)

Toute l'oeuvre de Burne-Jones peut être comprise comme une tentative de créer par la peinture un monde de beauté parfaite, aussi différent du Birmingham de son enfance que possible, un conglomérat industriel, mugissant, d'une laideur et d'une misère inimaginables. Les deux grands peintres symbolistes français, Gustave Moreau et Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, reconnurent immédiatement Burne-Jones comme l'un de leurs compagnons de route artistique. Mais il est très invraisemblable que Burne-Jones ait accepté ou peut-être même compris l'étiquette de « symboliste ». Pourtant, il semble avoir été l'un des membres les plus représentatifs du mouvement symboliste et de cet esprit « fin de siècle » si largement répandu.

Burne-Jones est généralement catalogué comme préraphaélite. En réalité, il ne fut jamais membre de la confrérie formée en 1848. La branche du préraphaélisme dont relève Burne-Jones n'est pas celle d'un Hunt ou d'un Millais mais de Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Le travail de Burne-Jones de la fin des années 1850 est d'ailleurs très proche du style de Rossetti. Son idéal féminin est également inspiré de celui de Rossetti, caractérisé par des chevelures abondantes, des mentons affirmés, des cous longs et des corps androgynes cachés par d'amples robes médiévales. Les mentons affirmés demeurent un trait frappant que les deux artistes utilisèrent dans leurs tableaux de femmes. A partir des années 1860, leurs canons de beauté

divergent. Celles de Burne-Jones se font de plus en plus virginales et éthérées, au point que dans certaines de ses oeuvres ultimes les jeunes femmes ont l'air anorexique. Au début des années 1870, Burne-Jones a peint de nombreux tableaux illustrant des mythes ou des légendes dans lesquels il semble avoir tenté d'exorciser le traumatisme de son histoire avec Mary Zambaco. De Constable à Francis Bacon, aucun peintre anglais vivant ne jouit d'une reconnaissance internationale aussi importante que celle dont Burne-Jones fit l'objet au début des années 1890. Sa grande réputation commença à décliner dès la seconde moitié de la décennie et s'effondra après 1900 avec le triomphe du Modernisme. A posteriori, nous pouvons interpréter cette absence de relief et ce détournement de la narration comme les caractéristiques d'un modernisme précoce, les premiers pas hésitants vers l'abstraction. Il n'est donc pas étrange que Kandinsky mentionne Rossetti et Burne-Jones comme les précurseurs de l'abstraction dans son livre Du spirituel dans l'art et dans la peinture en particulier.

Edward Burne-Jones

De l'Antiquité jusqu'au XXe siècle, cette collection de sculptures offre une vision véritablement originale de l'art occidental. Sont représentées ici les œuvres les plus sensuelles, les plus harmonieuses, jusqu'aux plus provocantes et minimalistes. La sculpture modèle le monde ainsi que notre concept de la beauté, créant sans cesse des silhouettes intemporelles. Ces chefs-d'œuvre sont le miroir d'une époque, d'un artiste et de son public. À travers cette galerie de sculptures, nous visitons non seulement l'histoire de l'art, mais également l'Histoire. Avec de nombreuses références, des commentaires d'œuvres et des biographies, l'ouvrage 1000 Sculptures de Génie permet au lecteur de redécouvrir le patrimoine occidental et constitue un guide idéal pour les étudiants et les amateurs d'art.

1000 Sculptures de Génie

Ornans, Courbet's birthplace, is near the beautiful valley of the Doubs River, and it was here as a boy, and later as a man, that he absorbed the love of landscape.

He was by nature a revolutionary, a man born to oppose existing order and to assert his independence; he had that quality of bluster and brutality which makes the revolutionary count in art as well as in politics. In both directions his spirit of revolt manifested itself. He went to Paris to study art, yet he did not attach himself to the studio of any of the prominent masters. Already in his country home he had had a little instruction in painting, and preferred to study the masterpieces of the Louvre. At first his pictures were not sufficiently distinctive to arouse any opposition, and were admitted to the Salon. Then followed the Funeral at Ornans, which the critics violently assailed: "A masquerade funeral, six metres long, in which there is more to laugh at than to weep over." Indeed, the real offence of Courbet's pictures was that they represented live flesh and blood. They depicted men and women as they really are and realistically doing the business in which they are engaged. His figures were not men and women deprived of personality and idealised into a type, posed in positions that will decorate the canvas. He advocated painting things as they are, and proclaimed that la vérité vraie must be the aim of the artist. So at the Universal Exposition of 1855 he withdrew his pictures from the exhibition grounds and set them in a wooden booth, just outside the entrance. Over the booth he posted a sign with large lettering. It read, simply: "Courbet - Realist." Like every revolutionary, he was an extremist. He ignored the fact that to every artist the truth of nature appears under a different guise according to his way of seeing and experiencing. Instead, he adhered to the notion that art is only a copying of nature and not a matter also of selection and arrangement. In his contempt for prettiness Courbet often chose subjects which may fairly be called ugly. But that he also had a sense of beauty may be seen in his landscapes. That sense, mingled with his capacity for deep emotion, appears in his marines - these last being his most impressive work. Moreover, in all his works, whether attractive or not to the observer, he proved himself a powerful painter, painting in a broad, free manner, with a fine feeling for colour, and with a firmness of pigment that made all his representations very real and stirring.

Gustave Courbet and artworks

Alfons Mucha ist der ungekrönte König der Jugendstil-Illustration. Für viele Menschen sind Muchas überirdisch schöne, von floralen Ornamentgeflechten umgegebene Frauen, die erste Assoziation mit der beliebten Kunstrichtung der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert. Muchas Kunst, die sich über die Jahrzehnte immer wieder neuer Beliebtheit erfreuen durfte, ist vor allem seit den 1960er Jahren nicht mehr aus dem Sortiment von Plakat- und Reproduktionsanbietern wegzudenken. Das vorliegende Werk bemüht sich nicht nur darum, einen umfassenden Überblick über Muchas Schaffen zu geben, sondern auch, dem Mann hinter der Kunst gerecht zu werden: seinem Leben, seiner Entwicklung als Künstler und seinem leidenschaftlichen Patriotismus für sein Vaterland, der damaligen Tschechoslowakei.

Alfons Mucha und Kunstwerke

I am not interested in myself as a subject for painting, but in others, particularly womenBeautiful, sensuous and above all erotic, Gustav Klimt's paintings speak of a world of opulence and leisure, which seems aeons away from the harsh, post-modern environment we live in now. The subjects he treats allegories, portraits, landscapes and erotic figures  contain virtually no reference to external events, but strive rather to create a world where beauty, above everything else, is dominant. His use of colour and pattern was profoundly influenced by the art of Japan, ancient Egypt, and Byzantium. Ravenne, the flat, two-dimensional perspective of his paintings, and the frequently stylised quality of his images form an oeuvre imbued with a profound sensuality and one where the figure of woman, above all, reigns supreme. Klimt's very first works brought him success at an unusually young age. Gustav, born in 1862, obtained a state grant to study at Kunstgewerbeschule (the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts) at the age of fourteen. His talents as a draughtsman and painter were quickly noticed, and in 1879 he formed the Künstlercompagnie (Artists' Company) with his brother Ernst and another student, Franz Matsch. The latter part of the nineteenth century was a period of great architectural activity in Vienna. In 1857, the Emperor Franz Joseph had ordered the destruction of the fortifications that had surrounded the medieval city centre. The Ringstrasse was the result, a budding new district with magnificent buildings and beautiful parks, all paid for by public expenses. Therefore the young Klimt and his partners had ample opportunities to show off their talents, and they received early commissions to contribute to the decorations for the pageant organised to celebrate the silver wedding anniversary of the Emperor Franz Joseph and the Empress Elisabeth. In 1894, Matsch moved out of their communal studio, and in 1897 Klimt, together with his closest friends, resigned from the Künstlerhausgenossenschaft (the Cooperative Society of Austrian Artists) to form a new movement known as the Secession, of which he was immediately elected president. The Secession was a great success, holding both a first and second exhibition in 1898. The movement made enough money to commission its very own building, designed for it by the architect Joseph Maria Olbrich. Above the entrance was its motto: To each age its art, to art its freedom. From around 1897 onward, Klimt spent almost every summer on the Attersee with the Flge family. These were periods of peace and tranquillity in which he produced the landscape paintings constituting almost a quarter of his entire oeuvre. Klimt made sketches for virtually everything he did. Sometimes there were over a hundred drawings for one painting, each showing a different detail  a piece of clothing or jewellery, or a simple gesture. Just how exceptional Gustav Klimt was is perhaps reflected in the fact that he had no predecessors and no real followers. He admired Rodin and Whistler without slavishly copying them, and was admired in turn by the younger Viennese painters Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka, both of whom were greatly influenced by Klimt.

Klimt

Von ihren prähistorischen Anfängen bis zur konzeptionellen Moderne des 20. Jahrhunderts hat die Skulptur die Welt der Kunst buchstäblich und im übertragenen Sinn geformt. Einen einheitlichen Blick auf die Entwicklung der Formen in allen Epochen und Zivilisationen eröffnend, präsentiert dieses Werk die Meisterwerke der Bildhauerei, die mit ihrer Zeitlosigkeit die heutige Auffassung von Schönheit prägten. Als Spiegelbild von Ära, Künstler oder der Öffentlichkeit ist diese hochwertige Zusammenstellung mit ihren zahlreichen Referenzen, Bildkommentaren und Biografien der Künstler nicht nur eine offene Tür zu Kunst und Geschichte, sondern auch ein idealer Kunstführer für Studenten und für interessierte Laien.

1000 Meisterwerke der Bildhauerei

Gustav Klimt nasceu na Áustria em 1862 e passou a sua vida profissional em Viena, cidade cujo caos artístico era um local extraordinário para viver. No início da sua carreira recebeu uma comissão para pintar uma série de frescos, e recebeu o prémio "Cruz de Ouro para Mérito Artístico" pelos seus murais em Burgtheater. O seu nome contudo está mais ligado à Secessão Vienense. Este movimento revolucionário separou-se definitivamente do público, da arte académica.

A atmosfera de Nuda Veritas de Klimt pode ser associada à lenta languidez das óperas de Strauss ou às produções teatrais de Schnitzler. As suas pinturas, assim como alguns dos seus desenhos que escaparam ao fogo, demonstram uma sensualidade de rara delicadeza. Para Klimt "Toda a arte é erótica", quer seja expressa pela extravagante decoração Bizantina da sua obra Judith I, ou através da simples nudez.

Les portraits, les nus et les natures mortes de Tamara de Lempicka (1898-1980) résument l'esprit Art déco et Jazz Age. Ils reflètent le style de vie élégant et hédoniste d'une élite fortunée et glamour dans le Paris de l'entre-deux-guerres. Combinant une formidable technique classique et des éléments empruntés au cubisme, Tamara de Lempicka représente à l'époque le summum de la modernité, tout en s'inspirant de grands maîtres portraitistes comme Bronzino et Ingres. Ce livre célèbre la beauté rationnelle de ses meilleurs travaux réalisés entre 1920 et 1930. Il retrace l'histoire de la vie extraordinaire de cette femme séductrice et talentueuse du début du siècle en Pologne et dans la Russie des tsars, ainsi que celle de ses années glorieuses à Paris et de ses longues années de déclin aux Etats-Unis jusqu'à sa redécouverte triomphante dans les années 70, lorsque ses portraits devenaient des icônes emblématiques mondialement connues.

Alphonse Mucha

Résumé

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