Les portraits, les nus et les natures mortes de Tamara de Lempicka (1898-1980) résument l'esprit Art déco et Jazz Age. Ils reflètent le style de vie élégant et hédoniste d'une élite fortunée et glamour dans le Paris de l'entre-deux-guerres. Combinant une formidable technique classique et des éléments empruntés au cubisme, Tamara de Lempicka représente à l'époque le summum de la modernité, tout en s'inspirant de grands maîtres portraitistes comme Bronzino et Ingres. Ce livre célèbre la beauté rationnelle de ses meilleurs travaux réalisés entre 1920 et 1930. Il retrace l'histoire de la vie extraordinaire de cette femme séductrice et talentueuse du début du siècle en Pologne et dans la Russie des tsars, ainsi que celle de ses années glorieuses à Paris et de ses longues années de déclin aux Etats-Unis jusqu'à sa redécouverte triomphante dans les années 70, lorsque ses portraits devenaient des icônes emblématiques mondialement connues.

Tamara de Lempicka et oeuvres d'art

Gustav Klimt nasceu na Áustria em 1862 e passou a sua vida profissional em Viena, cidade cujo caos artístico era um local extraordinário para viver. No início da sua carreira recebeu uma comissão para pintar uma série de frescos, e recebeu o prémio "Cruz de Ouro para Mérito Artístico" pelos seus murais em Burgtheater. O seu nome contudo está mais ligado à Secessão Vienense. Este movimento revolucionário separou-se definitivamente do público, da arte académica.

A atmosfera de Nuda Veritas de Klimt pode ser associada à lenta languidez das óperas de Strauss ou às produções teatrais de Schnitzler. As suas pinturas, assim como alguns dos seus desenhos que escaparam ao fogo, demonstram uma sensualidade de rara delicadeza. Para Klimt "Toda a arte é erótica", quer seja expressa pela extravagante decoração Bizantina da sua obra Judith I, ou através da simples nudez.

Klimt

Born in 1860 in a small Czech town, Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939) was an artist on the forefront of Art Nouveau, the modernist movement that swept Paris in the 1910s, marking a return to the simplicity of natural forms, and changing the world of art and design forever. In fact, Art Nouveau was known to insiders as the "Mucha style" for the legions of imitators who adapted the master's celebrated tableaux. Today, his distinctive depictions of lithe young women in classical dress have become a pop cultural touchstone, inspiring album covers, comic books, and everything in between. Patrick Bade and Victoria Charles offer readers an inspiring survey of Mucha's career, illustrated with over one hundred lustrous images, from early Parisian advertisements and posters for Sandra Bernhardt, to the famous historical murals painted just before his death, at the age of 78, in 1939.

Mucha

Ornans, Courbet's birthplace, is near the beautiful valley of the Doubs River, and it was here as a boy, and later as a man, that he absorbed the love of landscape.

He was by nature a revolutionary, a man born to oppose existing order and to assert his independence; he had that quality of bluster and brutality which makes the revolutionary count in art as well as in politics. In both directions his spirit of revolt manifested itself. He went to Paris to study art, yet he did not attach himself to the studio of any of the prominent masters. Already in his country home he had had a little instruction in painting, and preferred to study the masterpieces of the Louvre. At first his pictures were not sufficiently distinctive to arouse any opposition, and were admitted to the Salon. Then followed the Funeral at Ornans, which the critics violently assailed: "A masquerade funeral, six metres long, in which there is more to laugh at than to weep over." Indeed, the real offence of Courbet's pictures was that they represented live flesh and blood. They depicted men and women as they really are and realistically doing the business in which they are engaged. His figures were not men and women deprived of personality and idealised into a type, posed in positions that will decorate the canvas. He advocated painting things as they are, and proclaimed that la vérité vraie must be the aim of the artist. So at the Universal Exposition of 1855 he withdrew his pictures from the exhibition grounds and set them in a wooden booth, just outside the entrance. Over the booth he posted a sign with large lettering. It read, simply: "Courbet - Realist." Like every revolutionary, he was an extremist. He ignored the fact that to every artist the truth of nature appears under a different guise according to his way of seeing and experiencing. Instead, he adhered to the notion that art is only a copying of nature and not a matter also of selection and arrangement. In his contempt for prettiness Courbet often chose subjects which may fairly be called ugly. But that he also had a sense of beauty may be seen in his landscapes. That sense, mingled with his capacity for deep emotion, appears in his marines - these last being his most impressive work. Moreover, in all his works, whether attractive or not to the observer, he proved himself a powerful painter, painting in a broad, free manner, with a fine feeling for colour, and with a firmness of pigment that made all his representations very real and stirring.

Gustave Courbet and artworks

"I am not interested in myself as a subject for painting, but in others, particularly women."Beautiful, sensuous and above all erotic, Gustav Klimt's paintings speak of a world of opulence and leisure, which seems aeons away from the harsh, post-modern environment we live in now. The subjects he treats - allegories, portraits, landscapes and erotic figures - contain virtually no reference to external events, but strive rather to create a world where beauty, above everything else, is dominant. His use of colour and pattern was profoundly influenced by the art of Japan, ancient Egypt, and Byzantium. Ravenne, the flat, two-dimensional perspective of his paintings, and the frequently stylised quality of his images form an oeuvre imbued with a profound sensuality and one where the figure of woman, above all, reigns supreme. Klimt's very first works brought him success at an unusually young age. Gustav, born in 1862, obtained a state grant to study at Kunstgewerbeschule (the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts) at the age of fourteen. His talents as a draughtsman and painter were quickly noticed, and in 1879 he formed the Künstlercompagnie (Artists' Company) with his brother Ernst and another student, Franz Matsch. The latter part of the nineteenth century was a period of great architectural activity in Vienna. In 1857, the Emperor Franz Joseph had ordered the destruction of the fortifications that had surrounded the medieval city centre. The Ringstrasse was the result, a budding new district with magnificent buildings and beautiful parks, all paid for by public expenses. Therefore the young Klimt and his partners had ample opportunities to show off their talents, and they received early commissions to contribute to the decorations for the pageant organised to celebrate the silver wedding anniversary of the Emperor Franz Joseph and the Empress Elisabeth. In 1894, Matsch moved out of their communal studio, and in 1897 Klimt, together with his closest friends, resigned from the Künstlerhausgenossenschaft (the Cooperative Society of Austrian Artists) to form a new movement known as the Secession, of which he was immediately elected president. The Secession was a great success, holding both a first and second exhibition in 1898. The movement made enough money to commission its very own building, designed for it by the architect Joseph Maria Olbrich. Above the entrance was its motto: "To each age its art, to art its freedom." From around 1897 onward, Klimt spent almost every summer on the Attersee with the Flöge family. These were periods of peace and tranquillity in which he produced the landscape paintings constituting almost a quarter of his entire oeuvre. Klimt made sketches for virtually everything he did. Sometimes there were over a hundred drawings for one painting, each showing a different detail - a piece of clothing or jewellery, or a simple gesture. Just how exceptional Gustav Klimt was is perhaps reflected in the fact that he had no predecessors and no real followers. He admired Rodin and Whistler without slavishly copying them, and was admired in turn by the younger Viennese painters Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka, both of whom were greatly influenced by Klimt.

Von ihren prähistorischen Anfängen bis zur konzeptionellen Moderne des 20. Jahrhunderts hat die Skulptur die Welt der Kunst buchstäblich und im übertragenen Sinn geformt. Einen einheitlichen Blick auf die Entwicklung der Formen in allen Epochen und Zivilisationen eröffnend, präsentiert dieses Werk die Meisterwerke der Bildhauerei, die mit ihrer Zeitlosigkeit die heutige Auffassung von Schönheit prägten. Als Spiegelbild von Ära, Künstler oder der Öffentlichkeit ist diese hochwertige Zusammenstellung mit ihren zahlreichen Referenzen, Bildkommentaren und Biografien der Künstler nicht nur eine offene Tür zu Kunst und Geschichte, sondern auch ein idealer Kunstführer für Studenten und für interessierte Laien.

1000 Meisterwerke der Bildhauerei

Alfons Mucha ist der ungekrönte König der Jugendstil-Illustration. Für viele Menschen sind Muchas überirdisch schöne, von floralen Ornamentgeflechten umgegebene Frauen, die erste Assoziation mit der beliebten Kunstrichtung der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert. Muchas Kunst, die sich über die Jahrzehnte immer wieder neuer Beliebtheit erfreuen durfte, ist vor allem seit den 1960er Jahren nicht mehr aus dem Sortiment von Plakat- und Reproduktionsanbietern wegzudenken. Das vorliegende Werk bemüht sich nicht nur darum, einen umfassenden Überblick über Muchas Schaffen zu geben, sondern auch, dem Mann hinter der Kunst gerecht zu werden: seinem Leben, seiner Entwicklung als Künstler und seinem leidenschaftlichen Patriotismus für sein Vaterland, der damaligen Tschechoslowakei.

Alfons Mucha und Kunstwerke

Born in 1860 in a small Czech town, Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939) was an artist on the forefront of Art Nouveau, the modernist movement that swept Paris in the 1910s, marking a return to the simplicity of natural forms, and changing the world of art and design forever. In fact, Art Nouveau was known to insiders as the “Mucha style” for the legions of imitators who adapted the master’s celebrated tableaux. Today, his distinctive depictions of lithe young women in classical dress have become a pop cultural touchstone, inspiring album covers, comic books, and everything in between. Patrick Bade and Victoria Charles offer readers an inspiring survey of Mucha’s career, illustrated with over one hundred lustrous images, from early Parisian advertisements and posters for Sandra Bernhardt, to the famous historical murals painted just before his death, at the age of 78, in 1939.

Entre courbes et contre-courbes, Mucha créa, à la fin du XIXe siècle, une égérie nouvelle qui devait hanter les rues de Paris. Au fil des représentations de Sarah Bernhard, cette muse voluptueuse devint un véritable emblème de l'Art nouveau et offrit à l'affichiste succès et renommée.

Néanmoins, le talent de l'artiste ne se limita jamais à la lithographie. Nourri par cette passion d'exalter, au mieux, la sensualité du monde qui l'entourait, l'art de Mucha, s'exprima indifféremment tant sur les monumentaux panneaux décoratifs des salles à manger que sur les petites pièces délicates de porcelaine. C'est toute la richesse et la variété de cet artiste fin-de-siècle que nous fait redécouvrir ici l'auteur.

Tamara de Lempicka et oeuvres d'art

Résumé

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