Gustav Klimt werd geboren op 14 juli 1862 en stief in Wenen op 6 februari 1918. Hij was een Oostenrijkse symbolistische schilder en een van de meest prominente leden van de Wiener Sezession, de Weense jugendstilbeweging. 

Klimt werd geboren in de buurt van Wenen in een armoedig gezin. Zijn vader was goudgraveerder. Misschien heeft dit Klimt beïnvloed bij zijn gebruik van goud in zijn schilderijen. In zijn begintijd werd het werk van Klimt niet gewaardeerd door de gevestigde orde, die zijn schilderijen pornografisch vond. Om zich af te zetten tegen de traditionele opvattingen richtte Klimt de Wiener Secession op, de Oostenrijkse variant van de jugendstil of de modern style. Gustav Klimts werk bestaat vooral uit schilderijen, maar hij heeft ook muurschilderingen, tekeningen en collages vervaardigd.

Klimt

Gustav Klimt (1862-1918), fondatore del movimento della Secessione Viennese, fu uno degli artisti più influenti della fine del XIX secolo. Attraverso questo movimento Klimt espresse il suo assoluto disprezzo per l'arte "ufficiale", caratterizzata dall'opposizione al cambiamento e dal rifiuto a legittimare una certa visione del Modernismo. Klimt si ispirò al lento ma inesorabile declino dell'Impero austro-ungarico e alla sua multiforme composizione culturale, esprimendo nelle sue opere una forte componente di erotismo e di sensualità.

Nel volume il lettore troverà le riproduzioni dei più celebri dipinti di Klimt e un testo che

illustra lo straordinario eclettismo di questo grande maestro.

Gustav Klimt

Egon Schiele (1890-1918) é um artista incontornável do Expressionismo.

Influenciado por Klimt e a Secessão Vienense, ele desliga-se ainda muito jovem da arte oficial austríaca. Nervoso, os seus numerosos trabalhos de nús e auto-retratos são fiéis à imagem deste grande artista: eróticos, sensuais e torturados.

Graças ao seu texto e às obras que o ilustram, esta obra transmite-nos todo o talento deste artista que morreu subitamente em 1918.

Schiele

Born in 1860 in a small Czech town, Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939) was an artist on the forefront of Art Nouveau, the modernist movement that swept Paris in the 1910s, marking a return to the simplicity of natural forms, and changing the world of art and design forever. In fact, Art Nouveau was known to insiders as the “Mucha style” for the legions of imitators who adapted the master’s celebrated tableaux. Today, his distinctive depictions of lithe young women in classical dress have become a pop cultural touchstone, inspiring album covers, comic books, and everything in between. Patrick Bade and Victoria Charles offer readers an inspiring survey of Mucha’s career, illustrated with over one hundred lustrous images, from early Parisian advertisements and posters for Sandra Bernhardt, to the famous historical murals painted just before his death, at the age of 78, in 1939.

Mucha

Edvard Munch (Løten, 1863 - Ekely, 1944)

Munch peut être considéré comme le pionnier de l'expressionnisme dans la peinture moderne. Il a bénéficié tôt de la réputation d'un artiste d'une nouvelle époque marquante en Allemagne et en Europe centrale, et aujourd'hui son oeuvre et son statut sont depuis longtemps reconnus dans toute l'Europe et le monde. Les oeuvres de Munch les plus connues sont celles des années 1890, notamment Le Cri. La fréquentation dans la deuxième moitié des années 1880 de Jæger (auteur norvégien) et de son cercle d'anarchistes radicaux marque un tournant décisif dans la vie de Munch et est la source d'une mutation et d'un conflit interne. A l'automne 1889 Munch a droit à une grande exposition de ses oeuvres à Christiana, où l'État lui accorde une bourse d'artiste pour 3 ans. Paris, où il devient pour un moment l'élève de Léon Bonnat, est une destination logique. Mais l'impulsion la plus importante, il la ressent en s'orientant dans la vie artistique de la ville. C'est à cette époque que perce un mouvement post-impressionniste avec plusieurs expériences anti- aturalistes. Dans ses tableaux dominent les grandes lignes courbes et les zones de couleurs homogènes, une implification et une stylisation utilisée par Paul Gauguin et les synthétistes français. « Symbolisme - la nature a été formée dans une ambiance morale » écrit Munch. A l'automne 1892 Munch présente les fruits de son séjour français. A la suite de cette exposition il est invité par le « club d'art de Berlin » (Berlines Kunstverein), où ces mêmes oeuvres doivent être exposées. Mais cela finit par un cauchemardesque « succès de scandale ». Le public et les vieux peintres comprennent Munch comme une provocation anarchiste, et l'exposition est fermée à cause de la protestation.

Munch

"I am not interested in myself as a subject for painting, but in others, particularly women."Beautiful, sensuous and above all erotic, Gustav Klimt's paintings speak of a world of opulence and leisure, which seems aeons away from the harsh, post-modern environment we live in now. The subjects he treats - allegories, portraits, landscapes and erotic figures - contain virtually no reference to external events, but strive rather to create a world where beauty, above everything else, is dominant. His use of colour and pattern was profoundly influenced by the art of Japan, ancient Egypt, and Byzantium. Ravenne, the flat, two-dimensional perspective of his paintings, and the frequently stylised quality of his images form an oeuvre imbued with a profound sensuality and one where the figure of woman, above all, reigns supreme. Klimt's very first works brought him success at an unusually young age. Gustav, born in 1862, obtained a state grant to study at Kunstgewerbeschule (the Vienna School of Arts and Crafts) at the age of fourteen. His talents as a draughtsman and painter were quickly noticed, and in 1879 he formed the Künstlercompagnie (Artists' Company) with his brother Ernst and another student, Franz Matsch. The latter part of the nineteenth century was a period of great architectural activity in Vienna. In 1857, the Emperor Franz Joseph had ordered the destruction of the fortifications that had surrounded the medieval city centre. The Ringstrasse was the result, a budding new district with magnificent buildings and beautiful parks, all paid for by public expenses. Therefore the young Klimt and his partners had ample opportunities to show off their talents, and they received early commissions to contribute to the decorations for the pageant organised to celebrate the silver wedding anniversary of the Emperor Franz Joseph and the Empress Elisabeth. In 1894, Matsch moved out of their communal studio, and in 1897 Klimt, together with his closest friends, resigned from the Künstlerhausgenossenschaft (the Cooperative Society of Austrian Artists) to form a new movement known as the Secession, of which he was immediately elected president. The Secession was a great success, holding both a first and second exhibition in 1898. The movement made enough money to commission its very own building, designed for it by the architect Joseph Maria Olbrich. Above the entrance was its motto: "To each age its art, to art its freedom." From around 1897 onward, Klimt spent almost every summer on the Attersee with the Flöge family. These were periods of peace and tranquillity in which he produced the landscape paintings constituting almost a quarter of his entire oeuvre. Klimt made sketches for virtually everything he did. Sometimes there were over a hundred drawings for one painting, each showing a different detail - a piece of clothing or jewellery, or a simple gesture. Just how exceptional Gustav Klimt was is perhaps reflected in the fact that he had no predecessors and no real followers. He admired Rodin and Whistler without slavishly copying them, and was admired in turn by the younger Viennese painters Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka, both of whom were greatly influenced by Klimt.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Born in 1860 in a small Czech town, Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939) was an artist on the forefront of Art Nouveau, the modernist movement that swept Paris in the 1910s, marking a return to the simplicity of natural forms, and changing the world of art and design forever. In fact, Art Nouveau was known to insiders as the "Mucha style" for the legions of imitators who adapted the master's celebrated tableaux. Today, his distinctive depictions of lithe young women in classical dress have become a pop cultural touchstone, inspiring album covers, comic books, and everything in between. Patrick Bade and Victoria Charles offer readers an inspiring survey of Mucha's career, illustrated with over one hundred lustrous images, from early Parisian advertisements and posters for Sandra Bernhardt, to the famous historical murals painted just before his death, at the age of 78, in 1939.

Klimt

Résumé

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