Premier chapitre du Capital, ce texte explore un concept au coeur de notre société de consommation contemporaine.

La Marchandise

When 150 years ago, in March 1871, the young Paris proletariat attempted to "storm heaven", fiercely put down by the bloody reaction of the French bourgeoisie - in agreement, on that occasion, with the Prussian invader to crush their common deadly enemy - it was once again clear, as is written in the Manifesto, that the history of all hitherto existing societies is "the history of class struggle". As early as 1848, the working class, which had begun to take its first steps just a few decades before, had had to pay a tragic price for its illusion that its political battle could be fought in agreement with the bourgeoisie, albeit with its more liberal and progressive currents. With the Commune, whatever remained of that ingenuous hope was swept away by cannon fire, while it was clear, on the contrary, that "workers of all countries, unite ! " was not just a simple appeal to feelings of solidarity, but a fundamental scientific synthesis, a vital requirement for revolutionary strategy. It lasted for only two months. And yet an unreplaceable legacy of experiences was concentrated in the short span of that ardent season, in the heart of Paris. It definitively resolved, when put to the test, a series of fundamental theoretical issues of socialism. It was the first attempt to create a new world : a revolution, according to what Marx stated in his first draft of the text, "not against this or that - legitimist, constitutional, republican, or imperialist - form of state", but against the state itself. It was against this "supernatural abortion of society", the tool of the "war engine of capital against labour", for the "resumption by the people for the people of its own social life".

The Civil War in France

"The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte" is one of Karl Marx' most profound and most brilliant monographs. It may be considered the best work extant on the philosophy of history, with an eye especially upon the history of the Movement of the Proletariat, together with the bourgeois and other manifestations that accompany the same, and the tactics that such conditions dictate.

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

The "forgotten" second volume of Capital, Marx's world-shaking analysis of economics, politics, and history, contains the vital discussion of commodity, the cornerstone to Marx's theories.

Le Capital, Livres 2-3

Dans les derniers jours de mai 1871, les troupes d'Adolphe Thiers écrasent la Commune. De Londres, où il est exilé, Karl Marx a suivi la période révolutionnaire qui, depuis le 26 mars 1871, a vu le prolétariat parisien prendre le pouvoir dans la capitale assiégée par les Prussiens : c'est que, pour la première fois, a été mise en place une forme autonome de gouvernement ouvrier. Il ne croyait pas à la possibilité de la révolution. Il a été impressionné par l'héroïsme du peuple parisien. Au lendemain de la " Semaine sanglante ", il tire les leçons de la défaite : la guerre civile en France, en 1871, c'est le massacre de la population par le gouvernement français et son armée aux mains de la canaille bourgeoise de Versailles. Prendre le pouvoir ne suffit pas.

La guerre civile en France

Philisophie Le Capital Chapitre 1

Au fur et à mesure, enfin, que les capitalistes sont contraints (...) d exploiter à une échelle plus grande les moyens de production gigantesques déjà existants, et, dans ce but, de mettre en action tous les ressorts du crédit, les tremblements de terre industriels (...) deviennent plus nombreux, en un mot, les crises augmentent. Elles deviennent de plus en plus fréquentes et de plus en plus violentes déjà du fait que, au fur et à mesure que la masse des produits et, par conséquent, le besoin de marchés élargis s accroissent, le marché mondial se rétrécit de plus en plus et qu il reste de moins en moins de marchés à exploiter, car chaque crise antérieure a soumis au commerce mondial un marché non conquis jusque-là ou exploité de façon encore superficielle par le commerce. Mais le capital ne vit pas seulement du travail. Maître à la fois distingué et barbare, il entraîne dans sa tombe les cadavres de ses esclaves, des hécatombes entières d ouvriers qui sombrent dans les crises.

Travail salarié et capital

(Studies in the History & Theory of Politics)This book is a complete translation of Marx's critical commentary on paragraphs 261-313 of Hegel's major work in political theory. In this text Marx subjects Hegel's doctrine on the internal constitution of the state to a lengthy analysis. It was Marx's first attempt to expose & criticize Hegel's philosophy in general & his political philosophy in particular. It also represents his early efforts to criticize existing political institutions & to clarify the relations between the political & economic aspects of society. The Critique provides textual evidence in support of the argument that Marx's early writings don't exhibit radically different doctrinal principles & theoretical & practical concerns from his later work. This edition also includes a translation of the introduction Marx wrote for his proposed revised version of the Critique which he never completed. In a substantial introduction, Prof. O'Malley provides valuable information on Marx's intellectual development.

La Marchandise

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