Les grandes ville et la vie de l'esprit , suivi de Sociologie des sens

Étudiant l’importance du secret dans la vie sociale, Georg Simmel nous rappelle que si la société est « conditionnée par le fait de parler », de communiquer, elle est aussi « modelée par la capacité de se taire ». Les utopies communicationnelles ont sans doute à se mesurer aussi à cette dernière capacité.

Secret et sociétés secrètes

Etudiant l'importance du secret dans la vie sociale, Georg Simmel nous rappelle que si la société est " conditionnée par le fait de parler ", de communiquer, elle est aussi " modelée par la capacité de se taire ". Les utopies communicationnelles ont sans doute à se mesurer aussi à cette dernière capacité.

Secret Et Societes Secretes

The science of human beings has become the science of human society. Georg Simmel.

Englischsprachige Veröffentlichungen 1893-1910

All relationships of people to each other rest, as a matter of course, upon the precondition that they know something about each other. The merchant knows that his correspondent wants to buy at the lowest price and to sell at the highest price. The teacher knows that he may credit to the pupil a certain quality and quantity of information. Within each social stratum the individual knows approximately what measure of culture he has to presuppose in each other individual. In all relationships of a personally differentiated sort there develop, as we may affirm with obvious reservations, intensity and shading in the degree in which each unit reveals himself to the other through word and deed. How much error and sheer prejudice may lurk in all this knowing is immaterial. Just as our apprehension of external nature, along with its elusions and its inaccuracies, still attains that degree of truth which is essential for the life and progress of our species, so each knows the other with whom he has to do, in a rough and ready way, to the degree necessary in order that the needed kinds of intercourse may proceed. That we shall know with whom we have to do, is the first precondition of having anything to do with another. The customary reciprocal presentation, in the case of any somewhat protracted conversation, or in the case of contact upon the same social plane, although at first sight an empty form, is an excellent symbol of that reciprocal apprehension which is the presumption of every social relationship...

Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies

Journal posthume

Every social occurrence as such, consists of an interaction between individuals. In other words, each individual is at the same time an active and a passive agent in a transaction. In case of superiority and inferiority, however, the relation assumes the appearance of a one-sided operation; the one party appears to exert, while the other seems merely to receive an influence. Such, however, is not in fact the case. No one would give himself the trouble to gain or to maintain superiority, if it afforded him no advantage or enjoyment. This return to the superior can be derived from the relation, however, only by virtue of the fact that there is a reciprocal action of the inferior upon the superior. The decisive characteristic of the relation at this point is this, that the effect which the inferior actually exerts upon the superior is determined by the latter. The superior causes the inferior to produce a given effect which the superior shall experience. In this operation, in case the subordination is really absolute, no sort of spontaneity is present on the part of the subordinate. The reciprocal influence is rather the same as that between a man and a lifeless external object with which the former performs an act for his own use. That is, the person acts upon the object in order that the latter may react upon himself. In this reaction of the object no spontaneity on the part of the object is to be observed, but merely the further operation of the spontaneity of the person. Such an extreme case of superiority and inferiority will scarcely occur among human beings. Rather will a certain measure of independence, a certain direction of the relation proceed also from the self-will and the character of the subordinate. The different cases of superiority and inferiority will accordingly be characterized by differences in the relative amount of spontaneity which the subordinates and the superiors bring to bear upon the total relation. In exemplification of this reciprocal action of the inferior, through which superiority and inferiority manifests itself as proper socialization, I will mention only a few cases, in which the reciprocity is difficult to discern...

Superiority and Subordination as Subject-Matter of Sociology

Il testo più famoso di uno dei padri della sociologia. Un'opera che non può essere pensata senza Il Capitale di Marx e diversissima da quella: tutti gli aspetti sociologici del denaro e dello scambio per mezzo del denaro. Seconda edizione, ePub aggiornato e corretto.

Filosofia del denaro

Quel sens peuvent avoir l'avarice et le gaspillage, alors que l'argent se caractérise par son abstraction ? Et qu'est-ce que la pauvreté, qu'elle soit choisie comme dans le cas de certaines communautés religieuses (franciscains et bouddhistes) ou subie ? Pour y répondre, deux essais du grand sociologue allemand : un texte de 1905, inédit en français, suivi de la célèbre étude de 1907 où Simmel montre que le pauvre n'est pas caractérisé par le manque de ressources, mais bien plutôt celui que nous désignons comme pauvre et que nous plaçons dans une relation d'assistance. Dès lors, comment le pauvre peut-il sortir de la pauvreté ?

Les grandes ville et la vie de l'esprit , suivi de Sociologie des sens

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