OECD reviews of school resources : Slovak republic

The Dutch economy has been traditionally very competitive among OECD countries. The global financial crisis however has brought new challenges, especially during the second shock, from 2011 onwards. The government's recovery plan, which includes various measures such as fiscal consolidation, stimulating innovation and sub-national government reform has an important territorial dimension. This review focuses on how sub-national institutions and development can help the Netherlands meet its challenges. In the short-term, factors such as the contribution of all regions, better use of resources, and more efficient provision of goods and services can help the recovery. In the long term, improving national competitiveness will largely depend on a strong performance of the polycentric city structure, which characterises the Netherlands. The key policy areas explored in this review include: the recently created top-sector innovation policy; decentralisation; and territorial reforms such as municipal and provincial re-scaling through mergers or co-operation.

OECD Territorial Reviews : Netherlands 2014

How to stimulate growth and support job creation are two critical challenges that countries confront following the global financial crisis. The Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD has developed international cross-comparative reviews on local job creation policies to examine the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment. Each country review examines the capacity of employment services and training providers to contribute to a long-term strategy which strengthens the resiliency of the local economy, increases skills levels and job quality. This report looks at the range of institutions and bodies involved in workforce and skills development in two states - California and Michigan. In-depth fieldwork focused on two local Workforce Investment Boards in each state: the Sacramento Employment and Training Agency (SETA); the Northern Rural and Training and Employment Consortium (NoRTEC); the Southeast Michigan Community Alliance (SEMCA); and the Great Lakes Bay Michigan Works. The report concludes with a number of recommendations and actions to promote job creation at the federal, state and local levels.

Employment and skills strategies in the United States

Les manuels d'économie prédisent que les taxes et les systèmes d'échange de permis d'émission sont les solutions les moins onéreuses pour permettre à la société de réduire ses émissions de CO2. Ce livre démontre que cette hypothèse se vérifie également en pratique. Il fournit des estimations sur les coûts pour la société de réduire les émissions de CO2 dans 15 pays, en utilisant une large panoplie d'instruments dans 5 secteurs générant le plus d'émissions : le secteur de production d'électricité, du transport routier, des pâtes & papier et du ciment, ainsi que de la consommation d'énergie des ménages. Il trouve de grandes variations dans le coût de réduction de chaque tonne de CO2 au sein de et entre les pays, ainsi qu'au sein des secteurs examinés et à travers différents types d'instruments politiques. Des approches axées sur le marché, tels que les taxes et les systèmes d'échange de permis ont systématiquement permis la réduction de CO2 à un moindre coût par rapport à d'autres instruments. Les subventions d'équipement et les tarifs d'achat figuraient, quant à eux, parmi les mesures les plus onéreuses de réduction d'émissions.

Prix effectifs du carbone

This report contains the 2014 "Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice" Global Forum review of Andorra.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.

The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.

The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. "Fishing expeditions" are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.

All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction´s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 plus Phase 2 - reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

Andorra 2014 ; gobal forum oon transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes peer reviews ; phase 2 : implementation of the standard in practice

The growth of car use in several advanced economies has slowed down, stopped, or turned negative. The change can not be attributed to adverse economic conditions alone. Socio-demographic factors, including population ageing and changing patterns of education, working, and household composition matter. Rising urbanization and less car-oriented policies in some cities also reduce the growth of car use, perhaps combined with changing attitudes towards mobility. Some groups choose to use cars less, others are forced to. 
This report summarizes insights into the drivers of change in car use. It shows that explanations are place-specific, and that projections of future car use are increasingly uncertain. The task for policy-makers is to identify mobility strategies that are robust under an increasingly wide range of plausible scenarios.

Long-run Trens in Car Use

The National Accounts of OECD Countries, Financial Accounts includes financial transactions (both net acquisition of financial assets and net incurrence of liabilities), by institutional sector (non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general government, households and non-profit institutions serving households, total economy and rest of the world) and by financial operation.

National Accounts of OECD Countries - Financial Accounts 2013

Innover au moment opportun et de manière ciblée stimule la productivité, favorise la croissanceéconomique et aideàrésoudre les problèmes de société. Mais comment les gouvernements peuvent-ils encourager davantage de personnesàinnover et accroître le temps consacréàl'innovation ? Et comment rendre les administrations elles-mêmes plus innovantes ?

La Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'innovation propose un ensemble de principes visantàencourager l'innovation par les individus (aussi bien dans le cadre de leur travail qu'en tant que consommateurs), dans les entreprises et au sein des administrations. Elle examine en profondeur l'évolution de l'innovation, son ampleur, sa géographie et ses modalités.Àpartir de recherches et de données récentes, elle propose un large cadre d'action en faveur de l'innovation.

Pour obtenir de plus amples informations sur la Stratégie de l'OCDE pour l'innovation, voirwww.oecd.org/innovation/strategie.

Pour en savoir plus
Mesurer l'innovation : Un nouveau regard

OECD reviews of school resources : Slovak republic

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