Le coton en Afrique de l'Ouest - Un enjeu économique et social

The Internet is now a fundamental infrastructure supporting the economy and is firmly in its 2nd stage of development, having evolved from a data network connecting PCs with wires to a much broader network of new portable devices from mobile phones to tablet computers. It is also on the cusp of a much larger expansion to objects that typically did not have communications capabilities: the "Internet of things" is projected to have more connections than the people using them. This raises many important socio-economic and political issues for stakeholders to consider, as economies and societies become increasingly inter-meshed. 

Supported by time series data, this publication begins with an overview of trends and highlights how the Internet sector has proven to be resilient during the recent economic crisis. It then examines the various drivers and impacts of Internet use and deployment, as well as emerging technologies, e-health, digital content, security and privacy, and reflects on a methodology for measuring the Internet economy.

OECD Internet Economy Outlook 2012

As the significance of the creative economy continues to grow, important synergies with tourism are emerging, offering considerable potential to grow demand and develop new products, experiences and markets.These new links are driving a shift from conventional models of cultural tourism to new models of creative tourism based on intangible culture and contemporary creativity. This report examines the growing relationship between the tourism and creative sectors to guide the development of effective policies in this area. Drawing on recent case studies, it considers how to strengthen these linkages and take advantage of the opportunities to generate added value. Active policies are needed so that countries, regions and cities can realise the potential benefits from linking tourism and creativity. Key policy issues are identified.

Tourism and the creative economy

Each year about 1.3 million people are killed and another 50 million people are injured on roads worldwide. These road crashes cost countries between 1 and 3 percent of their GDP. Many of these crashes can be prevented by effective countermeasures. This report helps identify the most effective safety countermeasures.

Policy makers need to justify expenditure on road safety in terms of effectiveness, competing for the scarce resources available. The risk of making poor decisions and the cost of making better decisions can be reduced by the use of reliable studies on how effective safety measures are, based on Crash Modification Functions (CMFs). This report shows that there is a prospect for significant advances and major cost savings through the transfer of results internationally, allowing for more rapid adoption and dissemination of new life-saving safety measures.

The report serves as a guide to how research results can be shared internationally. It provides checklist for systematic review of road safety studies and a framework for standardising methodology.

The report targets the road safety research community but will also find an audience among policy makers at all levels of government. The report highlights the value of Crash Modification Functions and the importance of ensuring practicioners use the best CMFs available.

Sharing road safety - research report - developing and international framework for crash modificatio

The world has made good progress in improving global livelihoods. More than two billion people have emerged from extreme poverty over the last four decades. Other notable improvements include real increases in wages for unskilled workers, better life expectancy, greater gender equality and more widespread literacy. However, a number of daunting challenges threaten to undo this progress, particularly on the demographic and environmental fronts. While outlining the status of livelihoods today, this fascinating report enumerates the main emerging trends which will have a significant impact on livelihoods in the near future. It looks at a whole range of issues: economy, technology, demography, environment, security and governance. This book presents five possible future scenarios for livelihoods, whose positive or negative outcomes depend on how several emerging challenges are dealt with. It concludes with ideas for global, national and local action that hold significant promise for securing resilient livelihoods for all.

Securing livelihoods for all ; foresight for action ; development centre studies

Chapitre 1. Sortir de la crise de l'emploi

Comment expliquer que le chômage ait autant augmentédans certains pays alors que d'autres, qui ontégalement subi la récession mondiale, ontétémoins touchés ? Les gouvernements ont-ils pris les mesures appropriées pour aider les travailleursàfaire faceàla crise ? La reprise est-elle susceptible de générer des emplois ?

Chapitre 2. La crise mondiale dans leséconomiesémergentes : impact sur l'emploi et réaction des pouvoirs publics

Comment la crise récente a-t-elle affectéleséconomiesémergentes et leur marchédu travail ? Quel est le rôle des politiques d'emploi et des politiques sociales pour soutenir les revenus des personnes en difficulté? Comment les filets de protection sociale existants peuvent-ilsêtre utilisés au mieux pour répondreàl'augmentation des besoins, et quels sont les défis auxquels ils doivent faire face ?

Chapitre 3. Les déterminants institutionnels des flux d'emplois et de main-d'oeuvre

Comment se déterminent les différences entre pays dans les taux d'embauche et de cessation d'emploi ? Les politiques publiques peuvent-elles favoriser la croissance en supprimant les obstaclesàla réallocation de la main d'oeuvre entre branches d'activité, entreprises et emplois ? Quels sont les effets des différentes mesures sur la probabilitéde perdre son emploi et sur les coûts associésàune perte d'emploi ? Et quel est l'impact de ces mesures sur les primes et pertes salariales associéesàdifférents types de transition sur le marchédu travail ?

Chapitre 4. Le travailàtemps partiel : une bonne option ?

Quelles sont les différences entre emploisàtemps partiel etàtemps complet en termes de rémunération, d'avancement, de sécuritéde l'emploi, d'organisation du travail et de stress ? Le travailàtemps partiel est-il une solution pour mobiliser plus largement la main-d'oeuvre disponible dans un contexte de vieillissement de la population ? Quels obstacles freinent le retour au travailàplein temps après une période de temps partiel ?

Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE - Sortir de la crise de l'emploi

Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental de l'Afrique du Sud. Il évalue les progrès accomplis par l'Afrique du Sud en termes de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec un accent particulier sur la biodiversité et l'économie des services écosystémiques, ainsi que sur la gouvernance environnementale multiniveaux.

Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Afrique du Sud (édition 2013)

Social impact investment can provide new ways to more efficiently and effectively allocate public and private capital to address social and economic challenges at the global, national and local levels. While these innovative market-based approaches will not replace the core role of the public sector or the need fophilanthropy, they can provide a potentially powerful means for leveraging existing capital.This report provides a framework for assessing the social impact investment market and focuses on the need to build the evidence base, in particular for impact assessment compared to existing social service delivery models. The report highlights the importance of further international collaboration in developing global standards on definitions, data collection, impact measurement and evaluation of policies as well as experience sharing between players in the market. International organisations can play an important role infacilitating these collaborations as well as conducting further analysis and data collection.

Social impact investment

How to make the most of public investment? This question is critical in today's tight fiscal environment. Given that sub-national governments in OECD countries carry out more than two thirds of total capital investment, they have played a key role in executing national stimulus packages during the global crisis. The effectiveness of recovery strategies based on public investment thus depends largely on the arrangements between levels of government to design and implement the investment mix.  This report provides an overview of challenges met in the recovery and highlights good practices and lessons learned, focusing on eight country cases: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Korea, Spain, Sweden and the United States. As stimulus packages are being phased out since 2010, many countries have moved toward fiscal consolidation and targeted public investment as an adjustment variable. Co-ordination between levels of government was essential to implement recovery measures, and it is equally important to better prioritise reduced public investment and make the most of it for sustainable growth.

Le coton en Afrique de l'Ouest - Un enjeu économique et social

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