News from nowhere

Awhile ago there was a young man dwelling in a great and goodly city by the sea which had to name Langton on Holm. He was but of five and twenty winters, a fair-faced man, yellow-haired, tall and strong; rather wiser than foolisher than young men are mostly wont; a valiant youth, and a kind; not of many words but courteous of speech; no roisterer, nought masterful, but peaceable and knowing how to forbear: in a fray a perilous foe, and a trusty war-fellow. His father, with whom he was dwelling when this tale begins, was a great merchant, richer than a baron of the land, a head-man of the greatest of the Lineages of Langton, and a captain of the Porte; he was of the Lineage of the Goldings, therefore was he called Bartholomew Golden, and his son Golden Walter.

Now ye may well deem that such a youngling as this was looked upon by all as a lucky man without a lack; but there was this flaw in his lot, whereas he had fallen into the toils of love of a woman exceeding fair, and had taken her to wife, she nought unwilling as it seemed. But when they had been wedded some six months he found by manifest tokens, that his fairness was not so much to her but that she must seek to the foulness of one worser than he in all ways; wherefore his rest departed from him, whereas he hated her for her untruth and her hatred of him; yet would the sound of her voice, as she came and went in the house, make his heart beat; and the sight of her stirred desire within him, so that he longed for her to be sweet and kind with him, and deemed that, might it be so, he should forget all the evil gone by. But it was not so; for ever when she saw him, her face changed, and her hatred of him became manifest, and howsoever she were sweet with others, with him she was hard and sour.

The Wood Beyond the World

It is assumed by most people nowadays that all work is useful, and by most well-to-do people that all work is desirable. Most people, well-to-do or not, believe that, even when a man is doing work which appears to be useless, he is earning his livelihood by it--he is "employed," as the phrase goes; and most of those who are well-to-do cheer on the happy worker with congratulations and praises, if he is only "industrious" enough and deprives himself of all pleasure and holidays in the sacred cause of labour... 
 
Here, you see, are two kinds of work - one good, the other bad; one not far removed from a blessing, a lightening of life; the other a mere curse, a burden to life. What is the difference between them, then? This: one has hope in it, the other has not. It is manly to do the one kind of work, and manly also to refuse to do the other. What is the nature of the hope which, when it is present in work, makes it worth doing? ...

Useful Work versus Useless Toil

Art is long and life is short; let us at least do something before we die. We seek perfection, but can find no perfect means to bring it about; let it be enough for us if we can unite with those whose aims are right, and their means honest and feasible. I tell you if we wait for perfection in association in these days of combat we shall die before we can do anything. Help us now, you whom the fortune of your birth has helped to make wise and refined; and as you help us in our work-a-day business toward the success of the cause, instill into us your superior wisdom, your superior refinement, and you in your turn may be helped by the courage and hope of those who are not so completely wise and refined. Remember we have but one weapon against that terrible organization of selfishness which we attack, and that weapon is Union. Yes, and it should be obvious union, which we can be conscious of as we mix with others who are hostile or indifferent to the cause; organized brotherhood is that which must break the spell of anarchical Plutocracy. One man with an idea in his head is in danger of being considered a madman; two men with the same idea in common may be foolish, but can hardly be mad; ten men sharing an idea begin to act, a hundred draw attention as fanatics, a thousand and society begins to tremble, a hundred thousand and there is war abroad, and the cause has victories tangible and real; and why only a hundred thousand? You and I who agree together, it is we who have to answer that question.

Art under Plutocracy - Art and its Producers

"For surely there is no square mile of earth's inhabitable surface that is not beautiful in its own way, if we men will only abstain from willfully destroying that beauty; and it is this reasonable share in the beauty of the earth that I claim as the right of every man who will earn it by due labour; a decent house with decent surroundings for every honest and industrious family; that is the claim which I make of you in the name of art. Is it such an exorbitant claim to make of civilization? of a civilization that is too apt to boast in after-dinner speeches; too apt to thrust her blessings on far-off peoples at the cannon's mouth before she has improved the quality of those blessings so far that they are worth having at any price, even the smallest"...

Art and the Beauty of the Earth

Peintre, écrivain et décorateur anglais, William Morris (1834-1896) étudie la théologie puis la peinture et l'architecture, fortement influencé par John Ruskin et Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. Il se distingue de ses amis préraphaélites par un plus grand engagement social et un retour à l'art gothique motivé par des raisons politiques de tendance libertaire et marxiste. Il rend l'industrie responsable des conditions inhumaines de la vie des ouvriers et clame son aversion pour la machine. Il oppose la créativité de l'individu à une production de masse indifférente à la valeur esthétique. Il importe, selon lui, de retrouver les coutumes et le système de production artisanale de l'époque médiévale où l'artisan le plus humble était un artiste et le plus grand artiste un artisan. Estimant qu'il faut rehausser les arts décoratifs au niveau des arts majeurs, il fonde une société qui produit et vend tableaux, sculptures, meubles, tapisseries, tissus décoratifs et vitraux. On le traite d'utopiste mais aussi de visionnaire. Le groupe des préraphaélites le suit dans cette entreprise et collabore avec lui dans son atelier artisanal d'art appliqué, baptiséArts and Crafts, qui diffuse bientôt ses inventions décoratives où domine l'arabesque florale, annonciatrice du futur modern style. Un mouvement artistique du même nom suit, où s'illustreront entre autres des artistes comme Walter Crane, Edward Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown et Dante Gabriel Rossetti. William Morris continue parallèlement de se vouer à la littérature. Il publie des poèmes, des essais politiques et des traductions de Virgile et d'Homère. Politiquement très engagé, il participe à la fondation de la Ligue Socialiste (ancêtre du Parti travailliste anglais) dont il dirige le journal, The Commonweal. Vers la fin de sa vie, il se consacre à l'art typographique et à l'édition d'art, réalisant de éditions enluminées extrêmement raffinées, dont celle des oeuvres complètes de Geoffrey Chaucer.

L'Art en ploutocratie

L'âge de l'ersatz

La fiancée de Gîtallègre est kidnappée. Le jeune homme s'élance donc à la poursuite des ravisseurs pour la retrouver et pénètre alors dans la Plaine étincelante, un royaume étrange, utopique, qui va être l'occasion pour William Morris, inventeur de la fantasy, de mêler ses trois passions, le Moyen Âge, la magie et la politique, ce voyage étant, à la fois, une aventure épique et une réflexion sur l'égalité et la liberté.

D'abord publié en 1891, ce roman marque un basculement pour William Morris qui, pour la première fois, trouve un équilibre entre le conte (Le Pays Creux) et le récit historique (Un Rêve de John Ball), inventant un récit à la fois épique et magique, aux accents politiques forts, qui marque le début de la fantasy. Premier succès immédiat de Morris, La Plaine étincelante jouira très vite d'un gros tirage et jetera les bases de ce qui sera, quelques années plus tard, le chef d'oeuvre de Morris, La Source au bout du monde.

News from nowhere

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