La Source au bout du monde - 1

William Morris (1834-1896) connaît plusieurs carrières successives : il est peintre, poète, tisserand, traducteur, décorateur, romancier, éditeur, imprimeur. Vers 1883, il s'engage auprès des socialistes. Dès lors, il sillonne l'Angleterre, l'Ecosse, l'Irlande, pour donner des conférences, en général à des auditoires d'artistes ou d'ouvriers. Ce volume réunit trois de ces conférences. Il y examine le système économique de son temps et démontre avec ferveur ce que ce système a de déshumanisant, il s'y interroge sur les arts décoratifs et sur leur importance dans la vie quotidienne. Dans ces pages, Morris affirme ses préceptes favoris : aucun objet chez soi qui ne soit beau ou utile. Aucun travail qui ne soit une joie à accomplir. Rien de plus important que la beauté, l'amitié et la solidarité.

Comment nous vivons, comment nous pourrions vivre

C'est en 1884, soit six ans avant la parution de son célèbre Nouvelles de nulle part, que le socialiste révolutionnaire et architecte-décorateur, William Morris, prononce cette conférence. Voici comment nous vivons et voilà comment nous pourrions vivre, écrit Morris, qui appelle à un sursaut collectif pour substituer la " coopération " à " l'état de guerre perpétuelle " inhérent au capitalisme, introduire la nature et l'art dans " ces conglomérats énormes, impossibles à gérer, qu'on appelle des villes ", et refuser, au nom de la joie et de la dignité, la fatalité des " existences mécaniques ". Si le mot décroissance fait aujourd'hui polémique, ce texte révèle que l'idée, elle, ne date pas d'hier.

Comment nous pourrions vivre

Rodolphe, le plus jeune fils du roi des Haults-Prés, s'enfuit de la maison paternelle pour partir en quête d'aventures et connaître la vie d'un chevalier errant. Chemin faisant, il apprend l'existence d'une source magique à l'eau miraculeuse et se met en devoir de la découvrir. Son épopée le mènera par-delà les citadelles des hommes, les forêts enchantées et les landes arides. Le jeune aventurier y rencontrera un grand nombre de figures extravagantes qui bouleverseront sa vision du monde, du Bien et du Mal, et de lui-même : de fiers bergers-guerriers défiant l'ordre établi, des brigands justiciers plus joyeux que des ménestrels, un mystérieux chevalier noir, un moine lubrique tout droit sorti des Contes de Canterbury, et une sorcière insoumise à la loi des hommes dont il tombera éperdument amoureux.
Grand roman d'aventures, ce texte incarne la naissance de la fantasy, croisement du roman d'aventures à la Walter Scott et du conte. C'est aussi une déclaration d'amour au Moyen Âge, cet âge où les machines n'avaient pas encore tout détruit, où chaque homme, chaque femme, avait plus de pouvoir entre ses mains, même face au seigneur féodal, que l'ouvrier n'en possède face au riche financier. Comme chez Swift, Voltaire ou Cyrano de Bergerac, l'aventure et le merveilleux deviennent dans ce roman les outils pour placer dans l'esprit de ses lecteurs les ferments d'une révolte nécessaire, éprise de liberté, d'égalité et de fraternité.

La source au bout du monde Tome 1

Pubblicato nel 1888, "Il sogno di John Ball" è una fantasia di carattere utopico-socialista, e ha la forma di un sogno in cui il narratore si ritrova proiettato - dopo aver annusato gli effluvi di un misterioso "papavero bianco" - all'epoca di una rivolta contadina realmente avvenuta nel 1381 nel corso della Guerra dei Cento Anni, e capitanata, tra gli altri, proprio da John Ball, una storica, seppur poco nota, figura di prete di campagna. Il narratore ben presto si ritrova coinvolto nella ribellione e assiste agli scontri armati tra rivoltosi e soldati dei signorotti locali. Dopo aver assistito a un sermone di rara potenza oratoria che John Ball tiene ai contadini ribelli, il narratore lo incontra e durante una notte i due hanno una conversazione di carattere politico e sociale che rivela incredibili aspetti di attualità e contemporaneità.

Il sogno di John Ball

It is assumed by most people nowadays that all work is useful, and by most well-to-do people that all work is desirable. Most people, well-to-do or not, believe that, even when a man is doing work which appears to be useless, he is earning his livelihood by it--he is "employed," as the phrase goes; and most of those who are well-to-do cheer on the happy worker with congratulations and praises, if he is only "industrious" enough and deprives himself of all pleasure and holidays in the sacred cause of labour... 
 
Here, you see, are two kinds of work - one good, the other bad; one not far removed from a blessing, a lightening of life; the other a mere curse, a burden to life. What is the difference between them, then? This: one has hope in it, the other has not. It is manly to do the one kind of work, and manly also to refuse to do the other. What is the nature of the hope which, when it is present in work, makes it worth doing? ...

Useful Work versus Useless Toil

"Savez-vous où il se trouve – le Pays Creux ? Depuis longtemps, maintenant, j’en suis à la recherche, j’essaie de le retrouver – le Pays Creux – car c’est là que j’ai vu mon amour pour la première fois. Je veux d’abord vous dire comment je l’ai trouvé ; mais je me fais vieux, et ma mémoire me trahit : il vous faut patienter et me laisser réfléchir si d’aventure je puis vous dire comment c’est arrivé. Oui, à mes oreilles résonne un bruit de trompettes qui retentissent dans des landes désolées, de mes yeux et mes oreilles, je vois, j’entends le choc et le fracas des sabots de chevaux, le son et l’éclat de l’acier ; des lèvres retroussées, des dents serrées, des cris, des hurlements, et des imprécations. [...]"

Le pays creux

It is true that if all were going smoothly with art, or at all events so smoothly that there were but a few malcontents in the world, you might listen with some pleasure, and perhaps advantage, to the talk of an old hand in the craft concerning ways of work, the snares that beset success, and the shortest road to it, to a tale of workshop receipts and the like: that would be a pleasant talk surely between friends and fellow-workmen; but it seems to me as if it were not for us as yet; nay, maybe we may live long and find no time fit for such restful talk as the cheerful histories of the hopes and fears of our workshops: anyhow to-night I cannot do it, but must once again call the faithful of art to a battle wider and more distracting than that kindly struggle with nature, to which all true craftsmen are born; which is both the building-up and the wearing-away of their lives...

That the beauty of life is a thing of no moment, I suppose few people would venture to assert, and yet most civilised people act as if it were of none, and in so doing are wronging both themselves and those that are to come after them; for that beauty, which is what is meant by ART, using the word in its widest sense, is, I contend, no mere accident to human life, which people can take or leave as they choose, but a positive necessity of life, if we are to live as nature meant us to; that is, unless we are content to be less than men.

Now I ask you, as I have been asking myself this long while, what proportion of the population in civilised countries has any share at all in that necessity of life?

I say that the answer which must be made to that question justifies my fear that modern civilisation is on the road to trample out all the beauty of life, and to make us less than men.

Now if there should be any here who will say: It was always so; there always was a mass of rough ignorance that knew and cared nothing about art; I answer first, that if that be the case, then it was always wrong, and we, as soon as we have become conscious of that wrong, are bound to set it right if we can...

The Beauty of Life - Making the Best of It

Of all the stories kept in being by the saga-tellers and left for our delight, there is none that so epitomises human experience; has within the same space so much of nature and of life; so fully the temper and genius of the Northern folk, as that of the Volsungs and Niblungs, which has in varied shapes entered into the literature of many lands. In the beginning there is no doubt that the story belonged to the common ancestral folk of all the Teutonic of Scando-Gothic peoples in the earliest days of their wanderings. Whether they came from the Hindu Kush, or originated in Northern Europe, brought it with them from Asia, or evolved it among the mountains and rivers it has taken for scenery, none know nor can; but each branch of their descendants has it in one form or another, and as the Icelanders were the very crown and flower of the northern folk, so also the story which is the peculiar heritage of that folk received in their hands its highest expression and most noble form.

La Source au bout du monde - 1

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