First and foremost an outcry against injustice and inhumanity, Unto this Last is also a closely argued assault on the science of political economy, which dominated the Victorian period. Ruskin was a profoundly conservative man who looked back to the Middle Ages as a Utopia, yet his ideas had a considerable influence on the British socialist movement. And in making his powerful moral and aesthetic case against the dangers of unhindered industrialization he was strangely prophetic. This volume shows the astounding range and depth of Ruskin''s work, and in an illuminating introduction the editor reveals the consistency of Ruskin''s philosophy and his adamant belief that questions of economics, art and science could not be separated from questions of morality. In Ruskin''s words, ''There is no Wealth but Life.''>

Unto this last and other writings

A la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust a rendu internationalement célèbre le nom de Ruskin. Mais l'image ainsi donnée de son oeuvre est biaisée, car John Ruskin (1819-1900) n'était pas qu'un spécialiste de Turner ou de l'architecture gothique. Sa science s'étendait à la géologie, à l'histoire naturelle ou à l'économie politique. Le nombre de ses travaux, dans ces domaines également, est considérable. Ces Ecrits naturels réunissent, pour la première fois en français, quatre conférences d'histoire naturelle, dans lesquelles l'érudition prodigieuse de Ruskin s'allie à une verve humoristique déconcertante. Qu'il retrace le mythe d'Arachné, qu'il discoure sur le rouge-gorge, le crave à bec rouge ou sur les serpents, Ruskin se laisse entraîner par des réflexions beaucoup plus vastes, plus profondes, et toujours insolites. Un regard unique sur la nature, à découvrir de toute urgence.

Ecrits naturels

Of all the buildings in Venice, later in date than the final additions to the Ducal Palace, the noblest is, beyond all question, that which, having been condemned by its proprietor, not many years ago, to be pulled down and sold for the value of its materials, was rescued by the Austrian government, and appropriated-the government officers having no other use for it-to the business of the Post-Office; though still known to the gondolier by its ancient name, the Casa Grimani. It is composed of three stories of the Corinthian order, at once simple, delicate, and sublime; but on so colossal a scale, that the three-storied palaces on its right and left only reach to the cornice which marks the level of its first floor. Yet it is not at first perceived to be so vast; and it is only when some expedient is employed to hide it from the eye, that by the sudden dwarfing of the whole reach of the Grand Canal, which it commands, we become aware that it is to the majesty of the Casa Grimani that the Rialto itself, and the whole group of neighboring buildings, owe the greater part of their impressiveness.

The Stones of Venice, Volume III

The greater part of the following treatise remains in the exact form in which it was read at Manchester; but the more familiar passages of it, which were trusted to extempore delivery, have been since written with greater explicitness and fullness than I could give them in speaking; and a considerable number of notes are added, to explain the points which could not be sufficiently considered in the time I had at my disposal in the lecture-room.

Some apology may be thought due to the reader, for an endeavour to engage his attention on a subject of which no profound study seems compatible with the work in which I am usually employed. But profound study is not, in this case, necessary either to writer or reader, while accurate study, up to a certain point, is necessary for us all. Political economy means, in plain English, nothing more than "citizens' economy"; and its first principles ought, therefore, to be understood by all who mean to take the responsibility of citizens, as those of household economy by all who take the responsibility of householders.

Unto This Last

Since the first dominion of men was asserted over the ocean, three thrones, of mark beyond all others, have been set upon its sands: the thrones of Tyre, Venice, and England. Of the First of these great powers only the memory remains; of the Second, the ruin; the Third, which inherits their greatness, if it forget their example, may be led through prouder eminence to less pitied destruction.

The exaltation, the sin, and the punishment of Tyre have been recorded for us, in perhaps the most touching words ever uttered by the Prophets of Israel against the cities of the stranger. But we read them as a lovely song; and close our ears to the sternness of their warning: for the very depth of the Fall of Tyre has blinded us to its reality, and we forget, as we watch the bleaching of the rocks between the sunshine and the sea, that they were once "as in Eden, the garden of God."

Her successor, like her in perfection of beauty, though less in endurance of dominion, is still left for our beholding in the final period of her decline: a ghost upon the sands of the sea, so weak-so quiet, -so bereft of all but her loveliness, that we might well doubt, as we watched her faint reflection in the mirage of the lagoon, which was the City, and which the Shadow.

I would endeavor to trace the lines of this image before it be for ever lost, and to record, as far as I may, the warning which seems to me to be uttered by every one of the fast-gaining waves, that beat, like passing bells, against the Stones of Venice.

The Stones of Venice, volume I

Sésame et les Lys, c'est une sorte de palimpseste, deux livres en un. Il y a, d'abord, le texte de Ruskin, transcription de deux conférences données dans les années 1860. Derrière les thèmes affichés : l'usage de la lecture dans l'éducation et l'éducation des filles, c'est un sévère réquisitoire que livre Ruskin contre les mœurs et la morale ambiants, témoignage édifiant sur l'époque victorienne et ses pratiques socio-politiques, et une prise de position progressiste – pour l'époque ! – sur le rôle de la femme. Et puis il y a le texte de Proust, notamment la préface, qui n'est que littérature et art, sorte de transcription de la conférence qu'il aurait pu donner sur les mécanismes créatifs de la Recherche…

Sésame et Les lys - Des trésors des rois, des jardins des reines

Cominciando dagli ultimi è prima di tutto un grido in difesa della giustizia. Alle porte della Seconda Rivoluzione Industriale, di fronte alle masse di lavoratori e operai che si riversano nelle città, John Ruskin si propone di definire cosa sia la ricchezza nella convinzione che esistano virtù morali essenziali al suo raggiungimento e superiori alla tanto acclamata "legge di mercato". Lo fa in quattro saggi scritti nell'estate del 1860, un attacco senza mezzi termini all'economia politica del tempo. Una riflessione che ha segnato talmente il Mahatma Gandhi da fargli ritenere Cominciando dagli ultimi il testo che lo ha "catturato e spinto a cambiare vita". « Compra quando conviene? Va bene, ma cosa rende il mercato conveniente? Il carbone è economico se viene dalle assi del tuo tetto dopo un incendio e i mattoni hanno un buon prezzo nella tua zona dopo un terremoto [.]. Vendere al prezzo più alto? Sì, davvero, ma cosa rende il mercato vantaggioso? Oggi hai venduto il pane a un buon prezzo: l'hai venduto a un moribondo che ti ha dato la sua ultima moneta e che non avrà mai più bisogno di pane? ». Introduzione di Luigino Bruni.

Cominciando dagli ultimi

Some years ago, in conversation with an artist whose works, perhaps, alone, in the present day, unite perfection of drawing with resplendence of color, the writer made some inquiry respecting the general means by which this latter quality was most easily to be attained. The reply was as concise as it was comprehensive-"Know what you have to do, and do it"-comprehensive, not only as regarded the branch of art to which it temporarily applied, but as expressing the great principle of success in every direction of human effort; for I believe that failure is less frequently attributable to either insufficiency of means or impatience of labor, than to a confused understanding of the thing actually to be done; and therefore, while it is properly a subject of ridicule, and sometimes of blame, that men propose to themselves a perfection of any kind, which reason, temperately consulted, might have shown to be impossible with the means at their command, it is a more dangerous error to permit the consideration of means to interfere with our conception, or, as is not impossible, even hinder our acknowledgment of goodness and perfection in themselves.

The Seven Lamps of Architecture

Au mois de septembre 1845, un jeune homme de vingt-six ans arrivait à Venise, portant un carton à dessins sous le bras. Il disparaissait dans l'ombre de Saint-Marc pendant de longues heures. Sa silhouette d'extasié batailleur s'attachait à tous les piliers du Palais ducal, comme un pic-vert à un tronc d'arbre. C'était Ruskin, Pour cet anglican austère et moraliste, Venise fut une révélation. Dans les pierres de Venise, son texte le plus célèbre, qui a enchanté Proust, il décrit les principaux monuments de Venise. Promenade splendide dans la Cité des Doges, Les Pierres de Venise n'est pas seulement un traité d'esthétique passionné, il est plus encore : le merveilleux guide d'une ville.

Unto this last and other writings

Résumé

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