Recherches sur la sûreté des réacteurs de conception russe

How do cities govern themselves as they grow bigger? The answer can shape the competitiveness and quality of life in those cities and depends on a number of factors, ranging from the country's institutional framework to the cities' specific socioeconomic dynamics. This report presents a typology of metropolitan governance arrangements observed across OECD countries and offers guidance for cities seeking for more effective co-ordination, with a closer look at two sectors that are strategic importance for urban growth: transport and spatial planning. The report draws from international examples of metropolitan governance mechanisms, and includes a series of in-depth case studies in a selection of six large metropolitan areas: Aix-Marseille (France), Frankfurt (Germany), Athens (Greece), Daejeon (Korea), Puebla-Tlaxcala (Mexico), and Chicago (United States).

Governing the city

This book presents a comprehensive review of health care quality in the Czech Republic. It finds that over the past 20 years, the Czech Republic witnessed the unprecedented gains in quality of health care and life expectancy and successfully transferred its Semaschko system into the modern accessible health care system with private-public mix of providers. Nevertheless the health care system in the Czech Republic still has some way to go to achieve the outcomes of the best performing OECD members. While some of the gap might be caused by the one of the lowest levels of health care expenditures among OECD countries (7.2% GDP in 2011) there are possibilities to improve the outcomes without incurring much of the additional costs. The Czech authorities should reach a consensus on the development of quality of care and data infrastructure and aim for sustainable long-term initiatives undisturbed by the political cycles in both of these areas. While the adverse events reporting and voluntary accreditation are the good steps towards the accountability of the providers, the government should do more in this area, undertake the effort to broaden the accreditation process and include outpatient care and link public health authorities to the quality agenda of inpatient care. In the area of data infrastructure more data should be gathered, the process of data gathering should be streamlined and administrative burden for the providers lowered primarily via the merging the data-collecting agencies. Finally, without the active participation of health insurance funds and proper reimbursement mechanisms in place the quality agenda will not be perceived as the priority.

OECD Reviews of Health Care Quality : Czech Republic 2014

Cette onzième édition des Perspectives des communications de l'OCDE examine les développement tels que les réseaux d'accès de nouvelle génération (NGA) et l'épuisement imminent des adresses IPv4 qui n'ont pas encore été attribuées. Ce rapport fournit un aperçu des efforts réalisés par les pays, qui à travers la réglementation,  promeuvent la concurrence et stimulent l'innovation sur les marchés de la communication. Il examine également les questions relatives aux marchés de radiodiffusion, aux infrastructures internet, aux dépenses de communication, à l'usage des ménages et des entreprises et aux tendances des échanges dans les services de télécommunications. Il montre que le secteur des communications a fait preuve de résilience durant la crise financière mondiale (CFM), reflétant ainsi son rôle crucial dans les économies d'aujourd'hui.

Perspectives des communications de l'ocde 2011

Le régionalisme et le système commercial multilatéral

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. " Fishing expeditions " are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 plus Phase 2 - reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews : Cameroon 2015/Phase 1 : Legal and Regulatory Framework

Les Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, publication semestrielle, présente une analyse des grandes tendances économiques qui marqueront les deux années à venir. Les Perspectives économiques présentent un ensemble cohérent de projections concernant la production, l'emploi, les prix et balances des opérations courantes et budgétaires.
Tous les pays membres de l'OCDE sont examinés ainsi que certains pays non membres. Cet édition comporte une évaluation générale, des chapitres résumant les tendances économiques et fournissant des projections par pays et, enfin une annexe statistique.

  Sommaire

Chapitre 1. Évaluation générale de la situation macroéconomique 
Chapitre 2. Évolutions dans les pays membres de l'OCDE
Chapitre 3. Évolutions dans certaines économies non membres
Annexe statistique

Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, Volume 2012 Issue 2

Pensions are a major policy issue in developed and developing countries alike. However, pension reform is challenging and controversial because it involves long-term planning by governments faced with numerous short-term pressures. It often provokes heated debates and, sometimes, street protests.

Countries can learn valuable lessons from others' pension systems and their experiences of retirement-income reforms. However, national pension systems are very complicated, involving much institutional, technical, and legal elements. Consequently, international comparisons are very difficult to undertake, making it difficult to transfer policy lessons between countries. Hence, this publication aims to fill this gap, with a particular focus on countries in the Asia/Pacific regions.

This study combines rigorous analysis with clear and easy-to-understand presentations of empirical results. It does not advocate any particular kind of pension system or type of reform. The goal is to inform debates on retirement-income systems with data that people with different visions for the future of pensions can all use as a reference point.

Pensions at a glance asia/pacific 2013

Les Perspectives économiques de l´OCDE, publication semestrielle, présentent une analyse des grandes tendances économiques qui marqueront les deux années à venir. Les Perspectives économiques proposent un ensemble cohérent de projections concernant la production, l´emploi, les prix et balances des opérations courantes et budgétaires. Tous les pays membres de l´OCDE sont examinés ainsi que certains pays non membres. Cette édition comporte une évaluation générale, des chapitres résumant les tendances économiques et fournissant des projections par pays, un chapitre spécial sur les perspectives de croissance et impératifs budgétaires à long terme, et enfin, une annexe statistique.

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