Bloß ein paar große Gedanken muß man sich recht zu eigen machen ; sie werfen Licht auf viele Strecken, an deren Hellwerden man nie geglaubt hätte.

Briefe 1880-1911

Il testo più famoso di uno dei padri della sociologia. Un'opera che non può essere pensata senza Il Capitale di Marx e diversissima da quella: tutti gli aspetti sociologici del denaro e dello scambio per mezzo del denaro. Seconda edizione, ePub aggiornato e corretto.

Filosofia del denaro

All relationships of people to each other rest, as a matter of course, upon the precondition that they know something about each other. The merchant knows that his correspondent wants to buy at the lowest price and to sell at the highest price. The teacher knows that he may credit to the pupil a certain quality and quantity of information. Within each social stratum the individual knows approximately what measure of culture he has to presuppose in each other individual. In all relationships of a personally differentiated sort there develop, as we may affirm with obvious reservations, intensity and shading in the degree in which each unit reveals himself to the other through word and deed. How much error and sheer prejudice may lurk in all this knowing is immaterial. Just as our apprehension of external nature, along with its elusions and its inaccuracies, still attains that degree of truth which is essential for the life and progress of our species, so each knows the other with whom he has to do, in a rough and ready way, to the degree necessary in order that the needed kinds of intercourse may proceed. That we shall know with whom we have to do, is the first precondition of having anything to do with another. The customary reciprocal presentation, in the case of any somewhat protracted conversation, or in the case of contact upon the same social plane, although at first sight an empty form, is an excellent symbol of that reciprocal apprehension which is the presumption of every social relationship...

Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies

Die Wirklichkeit ist keineswegs die Welt schlechthin, sondern nur eine, neben der die Welt der Kunst wie die der Religion stehen, aus dem gleichen Material nach anderen Formen, von anderen Voraussetzungen aus zusammengebracht. Die erfahrbare wirkliche Welt bedeutet wahrscheinlich diejenige Ordnung gegebener Elemente, die für die Erhaltung und Entwicklung des Gattungslebens die praktisch zweckmäßigste ist.... So entscheiden die Zwecke und prinzipiellen Voraussetzungen darüber, welche "Welt" von der Seele geschaffen wird, und die wirkliche Welt ist nur eine von vielen möglichen.

Philosophie der Mode (1905) ; Die Religion (1906/1912) ; Kant und Goethe (1906/1916) ; Schopenhauer und Nietzsche

Qu'il étudie la femme, l'art ou la ville dans la société, Georg Simmel (1858-1918), l'un des sociologues et philosophes les plus féconds du XXe siècle, interroge la modernité et ses valeurs esthétiques, une modernité qui se caractérise par l'individualisme et la dissolution des contenus stables, le changement, la mobilité. Le conflit en est une forme essentielle, présente à tous les niveaux de la réalité ; cette catégorie permet en particulier de déchiffrer la crise de la culture contemporaine. Pour la première fois réunis en un seul volume de poche, voici certains de ses essais les plus importants, dont "La culture féminine", "Philosophie de la mode", "Les grandes villes et la vie de l'esprit", "L'individualisme", "Le conflit", "L'aventure", "Rome, Florence, Venise", "La crise de la culture".

Philosophie de la modernité

It is the doubtful advantage of incipient sciences that they must temporarily furnish refuge for all sorts of vagrant problems. The boundaries of new sciences are necessarily indefinite and indefensible. They are thus open to all the homeless. They therefore gather by degrees a miscellaneous content which cannot be managed. Then the process of limitation begins. The immediate effect is disappointing, but, on the other hand, precise bounds secure sciences against later disappointment. The science of sociology is entering the stage of definition. It is beginning to assort the confused mass of problems that threatened to overwhelm it. Suffrage within the science is no longer unchallenged. The exact boundaries of the science are not yet beyond dispute, but in every direction earnest scientific efforts are evident to draw permanent lines of division. For a while the term "sociology" seemed to be a magic word that promised to solve all the riddles of history and of practical life, of ethics and of aesthetics, of religion and of politics. The source of this error is in the conception that the subject-matter of sociology is the whole sum of occurrences which take place in society. From that standpoint all problems that do not belong to physical science seem to fall within the scope of sociology. It is self-evident that this standpoint is untenable. It is plainly nonsensical to throw into one big pot labeled "sociology" all those researches which have been satisfactorily conducted by national economy, history of civilization, philosophy, political science, statistics, demography, juridical science, and ethics...

The Persistence of Social Groups

Des textes essentiels de l'un des plus importants sociologues du XXe siècle réunis en un seul volume poche : "Philosophie de la mode", "L'aventure", "Les grandes villes et la vie de l'esprit", "La crise de la culture", "Le conflit", etc.

Les Grandes Villes et la Vie de l'Esprit

Avec la proximité du bonheur s'accroît le désir ardent de le posséder. GEORG SIMMEL.

Briefe 1880-1911

Résumé

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