Oil medium-term market report 2015

Les coûts d'entretien représentant une part importante des budgets routiers, ce rapport évalue la faisabilité économique et technique de couches de roulement innovantes pour des chaussées à longue durée de vie. Même avec des coûts initiaux plus élevés, ces couches de roulement pourraient contribuer à réduire considérablement les coûts d'entretien récurrents et les coûts pour l'usager, ainsi que les dépenses globales, sous certaines conditions exposées dans ce rapport.

Evaluation économique des chaussées à longue durée de vie

L'éco-innovation sera un élément essentiel des efforts consentis par l'industrie pour parer au changement climatique et parvenir à une « croissance verte » dans l'ère post-Kyoto. Elle appelle une adoption plus rapide des percées technologiques et une application plus générale des solutions existantes, y compris non technologiques. Par ailleurs, elle fournit l'occasion d'impliquer de nouveaux acteurs, de développer de nouveaux secteurs d'activité et d'accroître la compétitivité. La restructuration des économies sera impérative dans les décennies à venir.

Cet ouvrage présente les recherches et analyses conduites au cours de la première phase du Projet de l'OCDE sur la production durable et l'éco-innovation. Il a pour objet de fournir des outils d'évaluation comparative de la durabilité de la production et de stimuler l'éco-innovation moyennant une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de l'innovation. Il passe en revue les concepts et forme un cadre d'analyse ; il décrit la nature de l'éco-innovation et ses processus ; il examine les indicateurs existants de la durabilité de la production ; il étudie les méthodologies applicables à la mesure de l'éco-innovation ; et il fait le point sur les stratégies nationales et initiatives des pouvoirs publics concernant l'éco-innovation. Pour de plus amples informations sur les travaux de l'OCDE dans ce domaine, veuillez consulter www.oecd.org/croissanceverte (Lien -> http://www.oecd.org/croissanceverte).

L'éco-innovation dans l'industrie - Favoriser la croissance verte

The OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review. Since the 2010 peer review, Belgium has reinforced the leadership and management of its institutional system for development co-operation, making it more strategic and taking steps towards delivering more co-ordinated and high quality development co-operation.

OECD development co-operation peer reviews : Belgium 2015

The OECD Budget Practices and Procedures Database provides detailed data on how budgets are made in OECD countries from formulation, to approval, execution and reporting based on surveys conducted every four to five years. This publication presents the results of the latest survey, conducted in 2012, and compares this with the previous survey, conducted in 2007. It finds that fiscal sustainability is a key issue for countries today. It also highlights the growing use of medium-term expenditure frameworks, capital budgeting and top-down budgeting, and it examines transparency of budgeting as well as budgeting flexibility.

Budgeting Practices and Procedures in OECD Countries

The experience of transport systems users, in terms of comfort, reliability, safety and above all convenience, is critical in determining demand for transport services, at least when there is a choice of alternative ways to travel. Convenience is one of the strongest attractions of the private car for passenger transport. For users of public transport, convenience is also clearly important but not always clearly defined and not often measured in designing transport systems or monitoring their operating performance. In many situations, an increase in public transport convenience reduces the unit costs of travel (euros/dollars per hour or cents per minute) and so provides benefits equivalent to an increase in travel speed. This report focuses on convenience and its importance to the user experience. It reviews operational definitions of convenience, evidence for the willingness of users to pay for convenience and the use of indicators to assess and improve the convenience of public transport, with a view to making it more effective and more competitive.

Valuing convenience in public transport, ITF round tables

As the significance of the creative economy continues to grow, important synergies with tourism are emerging, offering considerable potential to grow demand and develop new products, experiences and markets. These new links are driving a shift from conventional models of cultural tourism to new models of creative tourism based on intangible culture and contemporary creativity. This report examines the growing relationship between the tourism and creative sectors to guide the development of effective policies in this area. Drawing on recent case studies, it considers how to strengthen these linkages and take advantage of the opportunities to generate added value. Active policies are needed so that countries, regions and cities can realise the potential benefits from linking tourism and creativity. Key policy issues are identified.

Tourism and the creative economy

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.  The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.  The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. «Fishing expeditions» are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.  All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 plus Phase 2 - reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes

Kazakhstan, peer review report phase 1, legal and regulatory framework ; global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes

This report contains the 2014 "Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice" Global Forum review of the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.

The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.

The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. "Fishing expeditions" are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.

All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 plus Phase 2 - reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

Global forum on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes peer reviews : Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis 2014 - Phase 2 : implementation of the standard in practice

Oil medium-term market report 2015

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