"Father Pissarro", as his friends liked to call him, was the most restrained of the artists of the Impressionist movement. Perhaps it was his age, being older than his fellow artists Monet, Sisley, Bazille, and Renoir, or rather his maturity, which resulted in his works having such serene and sober subjects and compositions. 

A man of simple tastes, he enjoyed painting peasants going about their daily lives. However, Pissarro owes his belated fame to his urban landscapes, which he treated with the same passion he used to paint beautiful stormy skies and frost-whitened mornings.

Pissarro

Este livro convida o leitor a seguir o visionário Paul Gauguin de França até à exótica Tahiti, guiado pelas suas coloridas obras de arte. Apresentando uma colecção de trabalhos icónicos e menos conhecidos deste influente artista , o livro realça o famoso estilo erótico e primitivo de Gauguin, assim como a utilização de cores vivas. Este prático livro é a prenda ideal para os fãs do artista ou para aqueles que ainda não conhecem o trabalho de Gauguin.

Gauguin

Born at the dawn of the 20th century, Fauvism burst onto the artistic scene at the 1905 Salon d'Automne with great controversy by throwing bright, vibrant colours in the face of artistic convention. Fuelled by change, artists like Matisse, Derain, and Vlaminck searched for a new chromatic language by using colour out of its habitual context. Freed from the strict technique advocated by the École des Beaux-Arts, they used blocky colours as their main resource, saturating their stunning paintings. The author invites us to experience this vivid artistic evolution that, although encompassing a short amount of time, left its mark on the path to modernity.

The Fauves

Mary Cassatt (Pittsburg, 1844, - Château de Beaufresne, 1926)

Mary est née à Pittsburgh. Son père était un banquier très libéral en matière d'éducation, et toute la famille semblait manifester une certaine sympathie pour la culture française.

Mary n'avait pas plus de cinq ou six ans lorsqu'elle vit Paris pour la première fois, et elle était encore adolescente quand elle décida de devenir peintre. Elle se rendit en Italie, puis

tourna ses pas vers Anvers, pour retourner à Rome et finalement, revenir à Paris, où, en 1874, elle s'installa définitivement.

En 1872, elle envoya ses premières oeuvres au Salon ; d'autres suivirent jusqu'en 1875, année où elle envoya un portrait de sa soeur, qui fut refusé. Elle devina que le jury n'avait pas aimé l'arrière-plan, c'est pourquoi elle le retravailla à maintes reprises pour le renvoyer au Salon de l'année suivante, où il fut finalement accepté. A ce moment-là, Degas lui demanda d'exposer avec lui et ses amis du groupe des impressionnistes, dont la popularité allait croissant, et elle accepta avec joie. Elle admirait Manet, Courbet, et Degas, et détestait l'art conventionnel. Son biographe insiste sur son intellectualité et ses sentiments, sur les émotions et les nuances avec lesquelles elle peignait ses modèle préférés : les bébés et leurs mères. Il parle aussi de son intérêt particulier pour le dessin et sa maîtrise du trait, un don renforcé par son étude approfondie de l'art japonais, imitant son style dans des gravures en couleur. Si son style puise à diverses sources, en revanche son dessin, ses compositions, sa lumière et ses couleurs, sont les siennes. Ses toiles possèdent une certaine délicatesse dont peut-être seule une femme est capable, mais les qualités qui ont inscrit son oeuvre dans la postérité, sont, elles, d'une nature que seul un peintre extraordinaire peut produire.

Cassatt

Naive art first became popular at the end of the 19th century. Until that time, this form of expression, created by untrained artists and characterised by spontaneity and simplicity, enjoyed little recognition from professional artists and art critics. Influenced by primitive arts, naive painting is distinguished by the fluidity of its lines, vivacity, and joyful colours, as well as by its rather clean-cut, simple shapes.
Naive art counts among it artists: Henri Rousseau, Séraphine de Senlis, André Bauchant, and Camille Bombois. This movement has also found adherents abroad, including such prominent artists as Joan Miró, Guido Vedovato, Niko Pirosmani, and Ivan Generalic.

Naive Art

Para Monet, o acto de criar foi sempre um esforço doloroso. A sua obsessão em captar os efeitos luminosos na natureza foi muito mais intensa que a dos seus contemporâneos. Segundo as suas palavras: "o talento vai e vem... A arte é sempre a mesma coisa: a transposição da natureza que requer tanta vontade como sensibilidade. Eu luto contra o sol... Devo também pintar com ouro e pedras preciosas."

Monet

Paul Gauguin (Paris, 1848 - Atuona, Iles Marquises 1903)

Paul Gauguin fut tout d'abord marin puis agent de change émérite à Paris. En 1874, il commença à peindre pendant les week-ends, tel un peintre du dimanche. Neuf ans plus tard, après un crack boursier, il sentit qu'il pourrait faire vivre sa famille en peignant et il démissionna. Sur les pas de Cézanne, Gauguin peignit des natures mortes dès le début de sa carrière artistique. Il posséda même une nature morte de Cézanne, que l'on peut observer derrière le personnage principal de son Portrait de Marie Lagadu. En 1891, Gauguin quitte la France pour Tahiti où il resta jusqu'en 1893. Son séjour à Tahiti fut déterminant pour sa vie et sa carrière future. Après un retour en France, il repart à Tahiti en 1895 et y restera le restant de sa vie. Là, Gauguin découvrit l'art primitif, avec ses formes planes et ses couleurs violentes, celles de la nature à l'état sauvage. Avec une fidélité absolue, il les reproduisit sur sa toile. Toutes ses peintures sont le reflet d'un style caractérisé par la simplifications radicales du dessin, les couleurs brillantes, pures et lumineuses, une composition ornementale et une platitude délibérée des plans - le style qu'il appelait lui-même « symbolisme synthétique ».

« Le père Pissarro », comme aimaient à l'appeler ses amis, était le plus sage des artistes impressionnistes. Peut être son âge, plus avancé que celui de ses camarades Monet, Sisley, Bazille et Renoir, ou plutot sa maturité, lui firent créer des ouvres sereines et sobres tant dans leur sujet que dans leur composition. 

Homme au goûts simples, il se plut à peindre des paysans sur les chemins, bien qu'il dut sa tardive notoriété à ses paysages urbains, traités avec la même passion que celle que faisaient jaillir en lui les ciels orageux et les matins blanchis par le givre.

Camille Pissarro

For Claude Monet the designation 'impressionist' always remained a source of pride. In spite of all the things critics have written about his work, Monet continued to be a true impressionist to the end of his very long life. He was so by deep conviction, and for his Impressionism he may have sacrificed many other opportunities that his enormous talent held out to him. Monet did not paint classical compositions with figures, and he did not become a portraitist, although his professional training included those skills. He chose a single genre for himself, landscape painting, and in that he achieved a degree of perfection none of his contemporaries managed to attain. Yet the little boy began by drawing caricatures. Boudin advised Monet to stop doing caricatures and to take up landscapes instead. The sea, the sky, animals, people, and trees are beautiful in the exact state in which nature created them - surrounded by air and light. Indeed, it was Boudin who passed on to Monet his conviction of the importance of working in the open air, which Monet would in turn transmit to his impressionist friends. Monet did not want to enrol at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He chose to attend a private school, L'Académie Suisse, established by an ex-model on the Quai d'Orfèvres near the Pont Saint-Michel. One could draw and paint from a live model there for a modest fee. This was where Monet met the future impressionist Camille Pissarro. Later in Gleyre's studio, Monet met Auguste Renoir Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille. Monet considered it very important that Boudin be introduced to his new friends. He also told his friends of another painter he had found in Normandy. This was the remarkable Dutchman Jongkind. His landscapes were saturated with colour, and their sincerity, at times even their naïveté, was combined with subtle observation of the Normandy shore's variable nature. At this time Monet's landscapes were not yet characterized by great richness of colour. Rather, they recalled the tonalities of paintings by the Barbizon artists, and Boudin's seascapes. He composed a range of colour based on yellow-brown or blue-grey. At the Third Impressionist Exhibition in 1877 Monet presented a series of paintings for the first time: seven views of the Saint-Lazare train station. He selected them from among twelve he had painted at the station. This motif in Monet's work is in line not only with Manet's Chemin de fer (The Railway) and with his own landscapes featuring trains and stations at Argenteuil, but also with a trend that surfaced after the railways first began to appear. In 1883, Monet had bought a house in the village of Giverny, near the little town of Vernon. At Giverny, series painting became one of his chief working procedures. Meadows became his permanent workplace. When a journalist, who had come from Vétheuil to interview Monet, asked him where his studio was, the painter answered, "My studio! I've never had a studio, and I can't see why one would lock oneself up in a room. To draw, yes - to paint, no". Then, broadly gesturing towards the Seine, the hills, and the silhouette of the little town, he declared, "There's my real studio."Monet began to go to London in the last decade of the nineteenth century. He began all his London paintings working directly from nature, but completed many of them afterwards, at Giverny. The series formed an indivisible whole, and the painter had to work on all his canvases at one time. A friend of Monet's, the writer Octave Mirbeau, wrote that he had accomplished a miracle. With the help of colours he had succeeded in recreating on the canvas something almost impossible to capture: he was reproducing sunlight, enriching it with an infinite number of reflections. Alone among the impressionists, Claude Monet took an almost scientific study of the possibilities of colour to its limits; it is unlikely that one could have gone any further in that direction.

Pissarro

Résumé

Plus de livres de Nathalia Brodskaya

Critiques

Ce livre n'a pas encore de critiques