Deepening economic integration via regional co-operation has emerged as a key priority in the reform strategies of most developing economies over the past decade. This is evidenced by the explosive growth in bilateral and regional trading agreements in which they now participate. Regional aid for trade can help developing countries spur regional economic integration, enhance competitiveness, and plug into regional production networks. Based on a rich set of experiences regarding regional aid for trade projects and programmes, the study finds that regional aid for trade offers great potential as a catalyst for growth, development and poverty reduction. The study recommends greater emphasis on regional aid for trade as a means of improving regional economic integration and development prospects. While regional aid for trade faces many practical implementation challenges, experience has shown that associated problems are not insurmountable but do require thorough planning, careful project formulation, and prioritization on the part of policy makers.

Regional perspectives on aid for trade

Transport accounts for nearly a quarter of carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. The price attached to these emissions is critical to climate policies and emissions mitigation efforts in the sector. As the impact of emissions on climate does not depend on where CO2 is released, the price of carbon should be uniform. In reality, however, it varies immensely, reflecting the complexity of assessing climate impacts. This report reviews the three key challenges in considering the effects of carbon dioxide emissions in economic appraisal : the valuation of carbon dioxide emissions, the treatment of uncertainty in climate change and the approach used to discounting future costs and benefits. The report reviews current approaches in selected countries (France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States) and provides examples of good practice and recommendations for national and international policy making.

Adapting transport policy to climate change - Carbon Valuation, Risk and Uncertainty

Cette publication phare du Programme LEED sera la première d'une série qui mettra en lumière les dernières découvertes sur les politiques pour le soutien à la création d'emplois, dans un format conviviale et accessible aux décideurs politiques (au niveau national, régional et local), praticiens et membres de la société civile. Seront compris dans la publication un groupe de fiches pays, illustrant des nouvelles données sur l'offre et la demande des compétences au niveau des petites régions (TL3). La publication traitera d'une façon transversale les différentes thématiques du Programme LEED, avec comme objectif d'apporter un complément et une valeur ajoutée par rapport à des publications plus spécifiques et qui traitent des problématiques plus en profondeur.

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