Code de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes - Guide de référence

Taxing Wages provides unique information on the taxes paid on
wages in OECD countries.   It covers personal income taxes and social
security contributions paid by employees; social security contributions
and payroll taxes paid by employers and cash benefits paid by in-work
families.   The purpose is to illustrate how these taxes and benefits
are calculated in each member country and to examine how they impact on
household incomes.   The results also enable quantitative cross-country
comparisons of labour cost levels and the overall tax and benefit
position of single persons and families on different levels of earnings.

The publication shows this information for eight household types
which vary by income level and household composition and the results
reported include the marginal and average tax burdens for one and two
earner families and the total labour costs of employers.  These data are
widely used in academic research and in the preparation and evaluation
of social and economic policy making.

Taxing Wages 2013 includes a special feature entitled: 'Average personal income tax rate and tax wedge progression in OECD countries.

Taxing wages 2013

This report examines recent activation policies in the United Kingdom aimed at moving people back into work. It offers insight into how countries can improve the effectiveness of their employment services and also control spending on benefits. The United Kingdom's policies have helped limit the rise in unemployment during the crisis. It has been at the forefront of reform efforts by OECD countries to transform and modernise policies designed to help the unemployed find work, through major new programmes such as Universal Credit and the Work Programme. Although time is needed for these to gain momentum as well as for a full evaluation of their impact to be carried out, the report identifies a number of areas where consideration should be given to additional measures or adjustments to existing ones.

Connecting people with jobs : activation policies in the United Kingdom

This book sheds light on how financing decisions are made regarding state-owned enterprises and synthesises national policies and practices. It also examines a broad range of financial transactions and conditions which might make the cost of operating SOEs materially different than for private competitors, and identifies whether any mechanisms are in place to neutralise such differences

Financing state-owned entreprises

Entrepreneurship development is an important requirement for achieving of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. It is also a means to respond to new economic challenges, to create jobs and to fight social and financial exclusion. The impact of the global financial and economic crisis calls for giving entrepreneurship and self-employment a stronger role in economic and social development policies.

This book collects and synthesizes information and data on entrepreneurship activities in Europe, focusing on people that are at the greatest risk of social exclusion. These groups include young people, older people, women, ethnic minorities and migrants, people with disabilities and the unemployed.

The missing entrepreneurs

The OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.

OECD development co-operation peer reviews : Portugal 2016

Les différentes facettes du temps de travail - Dans quelle mesure le temps de travail varie-t-il d'un pays de l'OCDE à l'autre ? Quels liens existent entre les taux d'emploi des femmes et d'autres groupes sous-représentés, l'incidence du travail à temps partiel et le nombre total d'heures ouvrées ? L'équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie familiale est-il menacé par une hausse des taux d'emploi des parents et une " culture de l'allongement du temps de travail " ? Réglementation de la protection de l'emploi et performance du marché du travail - La réglementation de la protection de l'emploi a-t-elle un impact sur les politiques de recrutement et de licenciement des entreprises et cet impact est-il différent selon les groupes démographiques ? L'existence d'une telle réglementation explique-t-elle l'importance du travail temporaire dans certains pays ? Comment donner du dynamisme au marché du travail tout en protégeant les travailleurs contre les pertes d'emploi et de revenu ? Fixation des salaires : aspects institutionnels et résultats - Les mécanismes institutionnels de fixation des salaires favorisent-ils davantage des taux d'emploi élevés et une prospérité partagée par le plus grand nombre ? Dans quelle mesure la tendance à un recul des taux de syndicalisation et à une plus grande décentralisation des négociations collectives contribue-t-elle à la modération salariale et à l'inégalité croissante des salaires observée dans certains pays de l'OCDE ?
Améliorer les compétences : la formation permet-elle d'accéder à des emplois plus nombreux et meilleurs ? - Les politiques qui développent les compétences des travailleurs améliorent-elles la situation globale de l'emploi ? Dans quelle mesure les travailleurs qui reçoivent une formation bénéficient-ils de meilleures perspectives d'emploi au détriment de leurs homologues non formés ? Les effets de la formation sont-ils différents selon les groupes démographiques et, au vu des données d'observation, que faut-il penser des stratégies d'apprentissage tout au long de la vie ?
L'emploi informel: promouvoir la transition vers une économie salariée - Dans quelle mesure le travail non déclaré englobe-t-il la production des ménages, l'aide fournie à des amis, le travail des migrants en situation irrégulière, les salaires non déclarés, les transactions au noir, la fraude fiscale de la part des travailleurs indépendants et la production de biens illicites ? Une fiscalité lourde, les tracasseries administratives, des services publics de médiocre qualité et des réglementations strictes en matière d'emploi ont-ils pour effet d'exclure les travailleurs de l'emploi formel ? Comment favoriser la transition vers une économie salariée ?

Perspectives de l'emploi de l'OCDE

Emissions de CO2 dues à la combustion d'énergie 1971/1999. - Edition 2001

Energy efficiency improvements over the last 25 years saved a cumulative USD 5. 7 trillion in energy expenditures. This virtual supply of energy generates multiple benefits for governments, businesses and households, including greater energy security from reduced dependence on energy imports and billions of tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Strengthening our understanding of the energy efficiency market and the prospects over the medium term is becoming increasingly important. The 2015 Energy Efficiency Market Report (EEMR) evaluates the impact of energy efficiency in the energy system and assesses the scale and outlook for further energy efficiency investment using detailed country-by-country energy efficiency indicator data and IEA expertise. This year's report includes an in-depth look into the buildings energy efficiency market and the electricity sector. Energy efficiency investments in the buildings sector totalled between USD 90 billion in 2014. In the electricity sector, energy efficiency has proved critical in flattening electricity consumption in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries, driving utilities to adapt their business models. Promoting and expanding energy efficiency markets is a worldwide phenomenon, and EEMR 2015 presents a number of case studies at the national, state and municipal level. These include examinations of Latin America's two largest economies, Brazil and Mexico, which are looking to efficiency to boost productivity and social development. Energy-exporting countries like Saudi Arabia and the Russian Federation are also increasingly turning to efficiency to increase exports and reduce the costs of growing domestic energy consumption. In addition to national governments, major urban areas such as Tokyo, Seoul and Paris are increasingly enabling energy efficiency investment.

Code de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes - Guide de référence

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