Contents 
Chapter 1. The rise of knowledge networks and markets as enablers of open innovation
Chapter 2. Knowledge flows
Chapter 3. Advantages of knowledge networks and markets
Chapter 4. Theories for building knowledge networks and markets
Chapter 5. Case Studies of knowledge networks and markets
Chapter 6. The importance of knowledge valuation for knowledge networks and markets
Chapter 7. Conclusions and research needs in knowledge networks and markets

Knowledge Networks and Markets in the Life Sciences

Le potentiel de la diaspora comme source de développement économique et social dans le pays d'origine et le fait de savoir si elle peut contribuer à favoriser ce développement, dépendent de ses caractéristiques, telles que la taille, la composition, le niveau des compétences et le degré de concentration, mais également de son niveau d'intégration dans les pays d'accueil. Ces éléments sont aussi tributaires de la situation économique, politique et sociale qui prévaut dans le pays d'origine. Les gouvernements des pays d'origine et de destination peuvent en effet faciliter la participation des diasporas, en soutenant des réseaux, en améliorant les canaux de communication avec le pays d'origine, en développant un environnement propice, ou - plus directement - en facilitant la mobilité des compétences et leur utilisation. Autant d'éléments qui rendent cruciale la capacité de caractériser le profil des diasporas.
Cette publication conjointe de l'OCDE (Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques) et de l'AfD (Agence française de développement) comprend 140 notes pays résumant : la taille des diasporas, en prenant en compte les enfants d'immigrés nés dans le pays d'accueil) ; les caractéristiques des populations émigrées (sexe, âge, niveau d'éducation, résultats sur le marché du travail) ; les effectifs et les principaux pays de destinations des étudiants internationaux ; les flux récents de migrants vers les pays de l'OCDE ; ainsi que des informations sur les souhaits d'émigrer des différents groupes de migrants. Les informations sont regroupées en six régions :  Asie et Océanie (chapitre 2) ; Amérique latine et Caraïbes (chapitre 3) ; pays de l'OCDE (chapitre 4) ; Europe hors OCDE et Asie centrale (chapitre 5) ; Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord (chapitre 6) ; et Afrique subsaharienne (chapitre 7). La situation dans chacune des régions est introduite par une description des tendances historiques des migrations, des principales diasporas originaires de la région, et des développements futurs et défis probables

Resserrer les liens avec les diasporas

Women in Business 2014 summarises the progress made by the OECD-MENA Women Business Forum (WBF) since the publication of its first Women in Business report in 2012. In 2012, five groups of actions had been identified as priorities to be carried out by governments, international stakeholders, financial and business support organisations, as well as statistical agencies. In two years, the WBF has developed inputs for three of these areas of priority actions. The WBF's contributions are growing along with its increased recognition as a hub which spurs concrete improvements in the business climate for women entrepreneurs in the MENA region.

Today, women's entrepreneurship is all the more important as governments in the region are facing the colossal challenge of rebooting job creation to improve the well-being of a growing workforce and confidence in the economy. The economic prospects of MENA economies that are going through a political transition have improved but unemployment has increased, inflation is rising and public finances have deteriorated. In these countries, political uncertainties add to long term structural difficulties. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the challenges still lie in the diversification of their economies.

Women in business 2014

Southeast Asia’s booming economy offers tremendous growth potential, but also large and interlinked economic, social and environmental challenges. The region’s current growth model is based in large part on natural resource exploitation, exacerbating these challenges. This report provides evidence that, with the right policies and institutions, Southeast Asia can pursue green growth and thus sustain the natural capital and environmental services, including a stable climate, on which prosperity depends. Carried out in consultation with officials and researchers from across the region, Towards Green Growth in Southeast Asia provides a framework for regional leaders to design their own solutions to move their countries towards green growth. While recognising the pressures that Southeast Asian economies face to increase growth, fight poverty and enhance well-being, the report acknowledges the links between all these dimensions and underscores the window of opportunity that the region has now to sustain its wealth of natural resources, lock-in resource-efficient and resilient infrastructure, attract investment, and create employment in the increasingly dynamic and competitive sectors of green technology and renewable energy. Some key policy recommendations are that these challenges can be met by scaling up existing attempts to strengthen governance and reform countries’ economic structure; mainstreaming green growth into national development plans and government processes; accounting for the essential ecosystem services provided by natural capital, ending open-access natural resource exploitation; and guiding the sustainable growth of cities to ensure well-being and prosperity.

Etudes économiques de l'OCDE, 1982-1983 : Norvège

Excellence in education without equity risks leading to large economic and social disparities ; equity in education at the expense of quality is a meaningless aspiration. The most advanced education systems now set ambitious goals for all students, focusing on both excellence and equity. They also equip their teachers with the pedagogic skills that have been proven effective and with enough autonomy so that teachers can use their own creativity in determining the content and instruction they provide to their individual students. The fourth International Summit on the Teaching Profession brought together education ministers, union leaders and other teacher leaders from high-performing and rapidly improving education systems, as measured by PISA (the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment). Their aim was to discuss equity, excellence and inclusiveness in education by exploring three questions : How are high-quality teachers developed, and how do schools with the greatest need attract and retain them ? How can equity be ensured in increasingly devolved education systems ? and What kinds of learning environments address the needs of all students ? To underpin the discussions, this publication identifies some of the steps policy makers can take to build school systems that are both equitable and excellent. The analysis is complemented with examples that illustrate proven or promising practices in specific countries.

Equity, excellence and inclusiveness in education - Policy lessons from around the world

Les données sur les recettes des administrations publiques, et sur le produit de la fiscalité en particulier, constituent la base de la plupart des travaux de description des structures economiques et d'analyse economique, et sont de plus en plus utilisées pour les comparaisons internationales. Cette publication annuelle présente un cadre conceptuel dont le but est de définir les recettes publiques devant être assimilées à des impôts et de classifier les différentes catégories d'impôts. Elle constitue également un ensemble unique de statistiques fiscales détaillees et comparables au niveau international, utilisant une presentation identique pour tous les pays de l'OCDE depuis 1965.

Revenue statistics 1965-2011 statistiques des recettes publiques 1965-2011

Pour une meilleure aide au développement : Efficacité de l'aide - Rapport d'étape sur la mise en oeuvre de la Déclaration de Paris

This report contains revised Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews for Sweden, now updated with ratings.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing.

The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.

The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.

All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 and Phase 2 - reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.

For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please refer to www.oecd.org/tax/transparency and www.eoi-tax.org.

Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: Sweden 2013

This report contains the 2014 "Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice" Global Forum review of the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.
The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. "Fishing expeditions" are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 plus Phase 2 - reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

Knowledge Networks and Markets in the Life Sciences

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