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Le Banquet/La République/Hippias II/Le Sophiste/Théétète/Lysis/Phèdre/Ménon/Protagoras/Alcibiade I (Oeuvre)

Awaiting his trial on charges of impiety and heresy, Socrates encounters Euthyphro, a self-proclaimed authority on matters of piety and the will of the gods. Socrates, desiring instruction in these matters, converses with Euthyphro, but as usual, the man who professes to know nothing fares better than the man who claims to be an expert. One of Plato’s well-known Socratic Dialogues, Euthyphro probes the nature of piety, and notably poses the so-called Euthyphro Dilemma: Do the gods love a thing because it is holy, or is a thing holy because it is loved by the gods?

Euthyphron

Hippias mineur/Hippias majeur

The Apology is Plato's version of the speech given by Socrates as he defended himself in 399 BCE against the charges of "corrupting the young, & by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel" (24b). "Apology" here has its earlier meaning (now usually expressed by the word "apologia") of speaking in defense of a cause or of one's beliefs or actions (from the Ancient Greek ἀπολογία). The Apology can be divided into three parts. The 1st is Socrates' own defense of himself & includes the most famous parts of the text, namely his recounting of the Oracle at Delphi & his cross-examination of Meletus. The 2nd part is the verdict. The 3rd part is the sentencing.

Apologie de Socrate

Gorgias : De la réthorique

Dans l'Athènes du Ve siècle, la fonction du rhapsode, récitant attitré d'Homère, était de rendre la poésie homérique accessible et émouvante près de trois siècles après le moment de sa composition. Ce qui supposait un certain travail d'adaptation des poèmes homériques. Mais au rhapsode Ion, Socrate, le philosophe, reproche (comme il le reproche ailleurs à Homère) de parler de ce qu'il ignore. Ce face-à-face entre Ion et Socrate, présenté par Platon dans l'Ion, tend à exclure du champ du savoir l'art de la parole qu'est la poésie, même si Platon lui laisse l'honneur (parfois ambigu) de l'inspiration divine. La voix de Platon est sans doute la première à soutenir ce partage entre poésie et connaissance, partage qui témoigne des mutations culturelles de son époque.

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l'État, ou, La république

Les Oeuvres de Platon: Apologie de Socrate. Criton. Phédon. Lachés. Protagoras. Les Rivaux

After an interval of some months or years, and at Phlius, a town of Peloponnesus, the tale of the last hours of Socrates is narrated to Echecrates and other Phliasians by Phaedo the 'beloved disciple.' The Dialogue necessarily takes the form of a narrative, because Socrates has to be described acting as well as speaking. The minutest particulars of the event are interesting to distant friends, and the narrator has an equal interest in them. During the voyage of the sacred ship to and from Delos, which has occupied thirty days, the execution of Socrates has been deferred. (Compare Xen. Mem.) The time has been passed by him in conversation with a select company of disciples. But now the holy season is over, and the disciples meet earlier than usual in order that they may converse with Socrates for the last time. Those who were present, and those who might have been expected to be present, are mentioned by name.

Le Banquet/La République/Hippias II/Le Sophiste/Théétète/Lysis/Phèdre/Ménon/Protagoras/Alcibiade I (Oeuvre)

Résumé

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