L'industrie sidérurgique en 2004

Developing countries are increasingly moving towards more strategic national policies and plans, the effectiveness of which will depend upon proper assessment of a given country's vulnerability to climate change. This report draws upon emerging monitoring and evaluation practices across developed and developing countries to identify four tools that countries can draw upon in their own assessment frameworks : 1) climate change risk and vulnerability assessments, 2) indicators to monitor progress on adaptation priorities, 3) project and programme evaluations to identify effective adaptation approaches, and 4) national audits and climate expenditure reviews. The appropriate mix of tools to monitor and evaluate national climate-change adaptation will to a large extent be determined by data availability, monitoring and evaluation capacity, and the ability to bring together the producers and the users of relevant climate information. The report also examines how development co-operation providers can support partner countries in their efforts to monitor and evaluate adaptation.

National climate change adaptation

Les Études économiques de l'OCDE : Féderation de Russie 2011 examine les développements économiques récents, les politiques et les perspectives économiques, améliorer le climat des affaires, politique monetaire, et croissance verte.

Federation de russie 2011 etudes economiques de l'ocde - decembre 2011

Comment réglementer les aéroports de façonàlimiter leur pouvoir de marché? Ce rapport part du principe que la question préalableàse poser est de savoir s'il est indiquéde réglementer. La réglementationétant imparfaite et coûteuse, les pouvoirs publics devraient chaque fois que c'est possibleétablir les conditions propices au développement de la concurrence entre aéroports en lieu et place d'une réglementation détaillée.

Lorsque la réglementationéconomique se justifie, par exemple pour des aéroports très encombrés, le rapport examine les différentes approches réglementaires possibles pour déterminer celle qui est, en définitive, la plus adaptée. Ilévalue aussi les stratégies de gestion desémissions de gazàeffet de serre. En intégrant l'aviation aux systèmes ouverts d'échange de droits d'émission, on pourrait réduire efficacement lesémissions, mais on ne saurait en attendre des réductions importantes desémissions de CO2 dans le transport aérien proprement dit.

Enfin, le rapport recense les conditionséconomiques dans lesquelles le trainàgrande vitesse peut devenir un substitut concurrentiel de l'avion. Cependant il conclut que le rail offre seulement des possibilités limitées en matière de réduction des ;émissions de gazàeffet de serre sur la partie correspondante du marchédes transports.

Concurrence et interactions entre aéroports, services de transports aériens et ferroviaires

Startup América Latina - Promoviendo la innovacion en la region

As climate negotiators work towards a deal that would limit the increase in global temperatures, interest is growing in the essential role technology innovation can and must play in enabling the transition to a low-carbon energy system. Indeed, recent success stories clearly indicate that there is significant and untapped potential for accelerating innovation in clean technologies if proper policy frameworks are in place. In an especially timely analysis, the 2015 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP 2015) examines innovation in the energy technology sector and seeks to increase confidence in the feasibility of achieving short- and long-term climate change mitigation targets through effective research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D). ETP 2015 identifies regulatory strategies and co-operative frameworks to advance innovation in areas like variable renewables, carbon capture and storage, and energy-intensive industrial sectors. The report also shows how emerging economies, and China in particular, can foster a low-carbon transition through innovation in energy technologies and policy. Finally, ETP 2015 features the IEA annual Tracking Clean Energy Progress report, which this year shows that efforts to decarbonise the global energy sector are lagging further behind. By setting out pathways to a sustainable energy future and by incorporating detailed and transparent quantitative modelling analysis and well-rounded commentary, ETP 2015 and its series of related publications are required reading for experts in the energy field, policy makers and heads of governments, as well as business leaders and investors.

Energy technology perspectives 2015

Colombia has made major economic and social advances in recent years. The combination of strong economic growth and policies targeted at the most vulnerable groups improved considerably the living standards of the Colombian population. Today, the country enjoys higher employment and labour force participation rates than the average of OECD countries and unemployment is steadily declining. Nevertheless, despite these positive trends, deep structural problems remain. Labour informality is widespread, the rate of self-employment is high and many employees have non-regular contracts. Income inequality is higher than in any OECD country and redistribution through taxes and benefits is almost negligible. In addition, half a century of internal conflict and violence has displaced a significant part of the population, and many of them are living in extreme poverty. Despite considerable progress, violence continues to be a challenge and also affects trade union members and leaders. The Colombian Government has undertaken important reforms in recent years to address these labour market and social challenges, and the efforts are gradually paying off. However, further progress is needed to enhance the quality of jobs and well-being for all. The main trust of this report is to support the Colombian Government in tackling labour market duality, generate trust between the social partners, develop inclusive and active social policies, and get the most out of international migration.

L'industrie sidérurgique en 2004

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