PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIQUES EN AFRIQUE

The large and growing human and financial cost of dementia provides an imperative for policy action. It is already the second largest cause of disability for the over-70s and it costs $645bn per year globally, and ageing populations mean that these costs will grow. There is no cure or effective treatment for dementia, and too often people do not get appropriate health and care services, leading to a poor quality of life. Our failure to tackle these issues provides a compelling illustration of some of today's most pressing policy challenges. We need to rethink our research an innovation model, since progress on dementia has stalled and investment is just a fraction of what it is for other diseases of similar importance and profile. But even then a cure will be decades away, so we need better policies to improve the lives of people living with dementia now. Communities need to adjust to become more accommodating of people with dementia and families who provide informal care must be better supported. Formal care services and care institutions need to promote dignity and independence, while coordination of health and care services must be improved. But there is hope : if we can harness big data we may be able to address the gaps in our knowledge around treatment and care.

Addressing dementia, the OECD response, OECD health policy studies

This report presents the results of the assessment of the organisation of the central government of Sweden. The study looks at reforms that are aimed at improving the quality of services (more value) and efficiency (less money) in central government. Starting with facts and quantitative benchmarks on the Swedish central government, the study reviews recent reforms in Sweden, and makes recommendations in ten selected areas. The study concludes with a survey of the effects on the quality of services and the potential savings.

Value for Money in Government : Sweden 2013

The ITF Transport Outlook 2013 presents and discusses global scenarios concerning the development of transport volumes through 2050. The analysis highlights the impact of alternative economic growth scenarios on passenger and freight flows and the consequences of rapid urbanisation outside the OECD . Under any scenario, transport volumes grow very strongly in non-OECD regions, and curbing negative side-effects (including greenhouse gas emissions, local pollution and congestion) is a major challenge. The Outlook also discusses the challenge of establishing sustainable funding mechanisms for the transport sector, emphasising the need for long run funding strategies in a context of growing global investment demand. The Outlook includes a comprehensive statistical annex.

International Transport Forum : Transport Outlook 2013

Today, the generation and use of huge volumes of data are redefining our " intelligence " capacity and our social and economic landscapes, spurring new industries, processes and products, and creating significant competitive advantages. In this sense, data-driven innovation (DDI) has become a key pillar of 21st-century growth, with the potential to significantly enhance productivity, resource efficiency, economic competitiveness, and social well-being. Greater access to and use of data create a wide array of impacts and policy challenges, ranging from privacy and consumer protection to open access issues and measurement concerns, across public and private health, legal and science domains. This report aims to improve the evidence base on the role of DDI for promoting growth and well-being, and provide policy guidance on how to maximise the benefits of DDI and mitigate the associated economic and societal risks.

Data-driven innovation - Big data for growth and well-being

Ce rapport analyse lesévolutions des politiques agricoles intervenues au cours de la période 2006-08 dans septéconomies : Afrique du Sud, Brésil, Chili, Chine, Inde, Russie et Ukraine. Cette période aétémarquée par une hausse significative des prix mondiaux de la plupart des produits agricoles, mais pas de tous cependant. Faceàla flambée des prix alimentaires, les pouvoirs publics ont mis en place différentes mesures : réductions tarifaires, restrictionsàl'exportation, relèvement des prix minimums et contrôle des prix, subventions aux intrants, vente des stocks et transferts directs aux plus démunis. Par ailleurs, ils ont souvent choisi de développer les mécanismes de crédit bonifiéet/ou de rééchelonnement de la dette, cherchéàaméliorer la mise enoeuvre et les performances des politiques agricoles, étendu plus largement les programmes d'assurance, et accéléréla réforme agraire. Le rapport comprendégalement une annexe statistique très complète, qui donne un largeéventail d'informations contextuelles sur ceséconomies.

Le rapport fournit les estimations du soutien accordéàl'agriculture entre 1995 et 2007 pour six des pays pris en compte (àl'exception de l'Inde), effectuées conformémentàla méthode de mesure de l'OCDE récemment révisée. Ces chiffres permettent une comparaison cohérente de l'évolution du niveau et de la composition du soutien aux producteurs etàl'ensemble du secteur, tant entre les différenteséconomiesémergentes qu'avec les pays de l'OCDE.

Politiques agricoles des économies émergentes - Suivi et évaluation

All countries are investing in health data. There are however significant cross-country differences in data availability and use. Some countries stand out for their innovative practices enabling privacy-protective data use while others are falling behind with insufficient data and restrictions that limit access to and use of data, even by government itself. Countries that develop a data governance framework that enables privacy-protective data use will not only have the information needed to promote quality, efficiency and performance in their health systems, they will become a more attractive centre for medical research. After examining the current situation in OECD countries, a multi-disciplinary advisory panel of experts identified eight key data governance mechanisms to maximise benefits to patients and to societies from the collection, linkage and analysis of health data and to, at the same time, minimise risks to the privacy of patients and to the security of health data. These mechanisms include coordinated development of high-value, privacy-protective health information systems, legislation that permits privacy-protective data use, open and transparent public communication, accreditation or certification of health data processors, transparent and fair project approval processes, data de-identification and data security practices that meet legal requirements and public expectations without compromising data utility and a process to continually assess and renew the data governance framework as new data and new risks emerge.

Health data governance-privacy, monitoring and research

Italie

Latin American economies continue to present relatively stable growth but continued uncertainty with regards to the duration of the commodity boom could pose threats to medium-term growth and economic development. Latin American countries face increasing competition from emerging economies across the globe particularly in manufacturing sectors. In this context of shifting wealth, it is increasingly important to foster competitiveness and connectivity. Improving logistics performance is particularly important as it directly impacts growth, productivity, and trade within the region and beyond. The region's productive structure with significant concentration in natural resource and agriculture augment the importance of logistics in fostering competitiveness. Nevertheless, logistics performance in the region faces serious gaps particularly in the areas of customs performance and the availability of infrastructure. Improving these aspects will entail more and better investment in infrastructure, as well as making the most of existing infrastructure by putting in place efficient trade facilitation measures and efficient and appropriate regulatory frameworks.

PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIQUES EN AFRIQUE

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