This publication provides an overview of approaches and measures in MENA-OECD Investment Programme economies to promote, support and advance women's entrepreneurship development in the Middle East and North Africa. It covers such issues as access to credit and business development services and information and information on data collection and research on women entrepreneurs in the MENA area.

Women in business - policies to support women's entrepreneurship - development in the mena region

Depuis quelques années, de très nombreux pays membres de l'OCDE ont pris des mesures pour réduire les effets dommageables des marchés publics sur l'environnement. Grâce à l'adoption de divers programmes et politiques, les critères environnementaux entrent désormais en ligne de compte dans les décisions d'achat. Par exemple, beaucoup de pays ont adopté des politiques d'écologisation des marchés publics afin d'accroître la quantité de matériaux recyclés dans les produits utilisés ou d'assurer que les biens d'équipement répondent à certaines normes d'efficience énergétique. Ces mesures devraient avoir des effets positifs directs sur les caractéristiques environnementales des marchés publics, mais aussi des retombées bénéfiques indirectes à travers leur influence sur les entreprises et les ménages. Cet ouvrage propose un examen détaillé de ces questions. II émane d'un atelier sur l'écologisation des marchés publics, qui s'est tenu à Vienne au ministère fédéral autrichien de l'Environnement. II étudie l'efficience économique et l'efficacité environnementale potentielles des programmes et politiques d'achats publics plus écologiques, en s'appuyant sur l'expérience de différents pays membres de l'OCDE. II analyse par ailleurs les liens entre les programmes d'achats publics plus écologiques et les domaines connexes de la politique publique, notamment le cadre général de la politique environnementale, la gestion des dépenses publiques et le cadre juridique des marchés publics.

La performance environnementale des marchés publics - Vers des politiques cohérentes

Le Panorama de la société présente un tour d'horizon chiffré des tendances sociales observées dans les pays de l'OCDE et recense les grandes tendances et les politiques sociales. Cette édition 2009 contient une mine d'informations sur un large éventail de questions sociales : caractéristiques démographiques et familiales, emploi et chômage, pauvreté et inégalités, dépenses de protection sociale et de santé et satisfaction à l'égard du travail et de l'existence. Il inclut également un guide pour aider les lecteurs à comprendre la structure des indicateurs sociaux de l'OCDE.

Outre l'actualisation de certains indicateurs parus dans de précédentes éditions, Panorama de la société 2009 ajoute plusieurs autres indicateurs innovants, notamment la taille des adultes, l'état de santé perçu, les comportements à risques chez les jeunes et le harcèlement scolaire. Pour la première fois, le rapport présente aussi une série d'indicateurs sociaux phares qui sont révélateurs du degré de bien-être social dans les pays de l'OCDE. Enfin, un chapitre spécial est consacré au temps des loisirs dans ces pays.

Panorama de la société - Les indicateurs sociaux de l'OCDE

This report contains the Phase 2: Global Forum Peer Review of Bahrain, as well as a revised version of the Phase 1 review already released for this country.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.

The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.

All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 and Phase 2 - reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.

For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please refer to www.oecd.org/tax/transparency and www.eoi-tax.org.

Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews : Bahrain 2013 - Phase 2 : Implementation of the Standard in Practice

Uruguay has made remarkable progress over the past decade. Stable macroeconomic policies and a favourable external environment have permitted brisk growth and the financing of social policies. Substantial improvements in several dimensions of human well-being have occurred during this period, alongside considerable reductions in external risks. The conditions ahead, however, may present challenges to maintaining performance. Overcoming these challenges will require finding the appropriate balance between long run objectives and macroeconomic and fiscal stability.

One of the main obstacles to economic growth is the insufficient and inadequate provision of human capital and skills. A number of challenges remain for education, which, together with fiscal policy, are key means of reducing inequalities and sustaining economic growth. In addition, Uruguay needs to address labour shortages to avoid constraints on future growth, especially as exports become more skills-intensive. It is important to orient social policies and expenditures towards the most vulnerable groups.

Multi-dimensional Review of Uruguay - Initial Assessment-volume

This report contains the 2014 "Phase 2 : Implementation of the Standards in Practice" Global Forum review of Ghana. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 120 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. "Fishing expeditions" are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 plus Phase 2 - reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

Ghana 2014

This 2013 edition of the OECD Economic Survey of Denmark examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. Special chapters cover promoting competition and innovation and skills.

OECD Economic Surveys - Denmark 2013

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, 1971-2002. - Emissions de CO2 dues à la combustion d'énergie, 1971-2002

This report includes Phase 1 and Phase 2 Global Forum Peer Reviews for Finland, now incorporating Phase 2 ratings.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing.

The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention.

The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.

All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction's legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined - Phase 1 and Phase 2 - reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.

All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.

For more information on the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, and for copies of the published review reports, please refer to www.oecd.org/tax/transparency and www.eoi-tax.org.

Women in business - policies to support women's entrepreneurship - development in the mena region

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