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A la liberte de penser s'oppose, en premier lieu, la contrainte civile. On dit, il est vrai, que la liberte de parler ou d'ecrire peut nous etre otee par une puissance superieure, mais non pas la liberte de penser. Pourtant, oter la liberte de communiquer publiquement ses pensees, n'est-ce pas aussi oter la liberte de penser. En second lieu, la liberte de penser est prise au sens ou elle s'oppose a la contrainte exercee sur la conscience. En troisieme lieu, la liberte de penser signifie que la raison ne se soumette a aucune autre loi que celle qu'elle se donne a elle meme. Car l'inevitable consequence de l'absence de loi dans la pensee, c'est que la liberte de penser y trouve finalement sa perte.

Qu'est-ce que s'orienter dans la pensée?

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Critique de La Raison Pratique

This work is called the Critique of Practical Reason, not of the pure practical reason, although its parallelism with the speculative critique would seem to require the latter term. The reason of this appears sufficiently from the treatise itself. Its business is to show that there is pure practical reason, and for this purpose it criticizes the entire practical faculty of reason. If it succeeds in this, it has no need to criticize the pure faculty itself in order to see whether reason in making such a claim does not presumptuously overstep itself (as is the case with the speculative reason). For if, as pure reason, it is actually practical, it proves its own reality and that of its concepts by fact, and all disputation against the possibility of its being real is futile.

The Critique of Practical Reason

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Anthropologie, suivie des divers fragments du même auteur relatifs aux rapports du physique et du moral et aux commerce des esprits d'un monde à l'autre

'The purpose of this critique of pure speculative reason consists in the attempt to change the old procedure of metaphysics and to bring about a complete revolution'
Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1781) is the central text of modern philosophy. It presents a profound and challenging investigation into the nature of human reason, its knowledge and its illusions. Reason, Kant argues, is the seat of certain concepts that precede experience and make it possible, but we are not therefore entitled to draw conclusions about the natural world from these concepts. The Critique brings together the two opposing schools of philosophy: rationalism, which grounds all our knowledge in reason, and empiricism, which traces all our knowledge to experience. Kant's transcendental idealism indicates a third way that goes far beyond these alternatives.

Critique de la Raison Pure

Oeuvres philosophiques 1

=The right to lie Über ein vermeintes Recht, aus Menschenliebe zu lügen,” in Berlinische Blätter 10. Blatt (6 Sept. 1797), pp.301-14. [Ak. 8:425-30] “On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy.” Trans. by Mary J. Gregor in Immanuel Kant, Practical Philosophy, edited by Mary J. Gregor (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, '96), pp.611-15. The Berlinische Blätter was a periodical published by Johann Erich Biester bridging a two-year gap between his Berlinische Monatsschrift, which ceased publication with a Dec. 1796 issue & Biester’s Neuen Berlinischen Monatsschrift, which began in Jan. 1799.

Le Droit de mentir

Prolegomenes a toute metaphysique future qui pourra se presenter comme science / Kant; traduction nouvelleDate de l'edition originale: 1891Ce livre est la reproduction fidele d'une oeuvre publiee avant 1920 et fait partie d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande editee par Hachette Livre, dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec la Bibliotheque nationale de France, offrant l'opportunite d'acceder a des ouvrages anciens et souvent rares issus des fonds patrimoniaux de la BnF.Les oeuvres faisant partie de cette collection ont ete numerisees par la BnF et sont presentes sur Gallica, sa bibliotheque numerique.En entreprenant de redonner vie a ces ouvrages au travers d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande, nous leur donnons la possibilite de rencontrer un public elargi et participons a la transmission de connaissances et de savoirs parfois difficilement accessibles.Nous avons cherche a concilier la reproduction fidele d'un livre ancien a partir de sa version numerisee avec le souci d'un confort de lecture optimal. Nous esperons que les ouvrages de cette nouvelle collection vous apporteront entiere satisfaction.Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.frhttp: //gallica.bnf.fr/ark: /12148/bpt6k5506525m

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