Alfred Sisley (18391899) angol nemzetiség?, de Franciaországban él? és alkotó fest?m?vész, sokak szerint a legtisztább impresszionista. Összesen mintegy 900 olajfestményt alkotott. Tájképein, ahol embereket alig ábrázol, els?sorban a fények játéka dominál. Felt?n? a hó iránti lelkesedése. Egy barátjának küldtt levelében írta: Minden festmény olyan helyet ábrázol, amelybe a fest? beleszeretett.

Sisley

Born at the dawn of the 20th century, Fauvism burst onto the artistic scene at the 1905 Salon d'Automne with great controversy by throwing bright, vibrant colours in the face of artistic convention. Fuelled by change, artists like Matisse, Derain, and Vlaminck searched for a new chromatic language by using colour out of its habitual context. Freed from the strict technique advocated by the École des Beaux-Arts, they used blocky colours as their main resource, saturating their stunning paintings. The author invites us to experience this vivid artistic evolution that, although encompassing a short amount of time, left its mark on the path to modernity.

The Fauves

Symbolism appeared in France and Europe between the 1880s and the beginning of the 20th century. The Symbolists, fascinated with ancient mythology, attempted to escape the reign of rational thought imposed by science. They wished to transcend the world of the visible and the rational in order to attain the world of pure thought, constantly flirting with the limits of the unconscious.
The French Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, the Belgians Fernand Khnopff and Félicien Rops, the English Edward Burne-Jones and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and the Dutch Jan Toorop are the most representative artists of the movement.

Symbolism

Em cada período histórico revela-se uma nova definição da beleza feminina. As imagens da beleza feminina não só expressam o desejo íntimo dos pintores, mas revelam também os padrões de beleza contemporâneos. Um dos pintores que amou as mulheres, Renoir, reviu o corpo feminino do século XIX, conferindo-lhe um novo charme, principalmente através da utilização da côr. Nesta viagem pelas obras do artista, as mulheres de Renoir são apresentadas como criaturas de carne e osso, que sugerem ser capazes de dar e receber amor.

Renoir

Az e-knyv a Kossuth Kiadó által nyomtatásban megjelentetett nagysiker? Világhíres fest?k cím? sorozat azonos cím? ktetének szveganyagát tartalmazza, az illusztrációk nélkül. Claude Monet a francia impresszionista festészet szül?atyja volt, de kései m?vészetének tendenciája, mely a tárgy nélkülivé váló kép megteremtésére irányult, tbb vonatkozásban az absztrakt m?vészet felé mutat. Számos modern absztrakt fest? Monet m?vészetét el?futárának vallja. Életrajzi sszefoglalónkban ennek a páratlan alkotói életnek és m?vészi pályának a legfontosabb momentumait ismerhetjük meg.

Monet

Paul Gauguin was first a sailor, then a successful stockbroker in Paris. In 1874 he began to paint at weekends as a Sunday painter. Nine years later, after a stock-market crash, he felt confident of his ability to earn a living for his family by painting and he resigned his position and took up the painter's brush full time. Following the lead of Cézanne, Gauguin painted still-lifes from the very beginning of his artistic career. He even owned a still-life by Cézanne, which is shown in Gauguin's painting Portrait of Marie Lagadu. The year 1891 was crucial for Gauguin. In that year he left France for Tahiti, where he stayed till 1893. This stay in Tahiti determined his future life and career, for in 1895, after a sojourn in France, he returned there for good. In Tahiti, Gauguin discovered primitive art, with its flat forms and violent colours, belonging to an untamed nature. With absolute sincerity, he transferred them onto his canvas. His paintings from then on reflected this style: a radical simplification of drawing; brilliant, pure, bright colours; an ornamental type composition; and a deliberate flatness of planes. Gauguin termed this style "synthetic symbolism".

Gauguin

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (Limoges, 1841 - Cagnes-Sur-Mer, 1919)

Pierre-Auguste Renoir naquit le 25 février 1841 à Limoges. En 1854, ses parents retirèrent l'enfant de l'école et le placèrent dans l'atelier des frères Lévy afin qu'il apprenne la peinture sur porcelaine. Son frère cadet, Edmond Renoir, racontait : « De ce qu'il usait des bouts de charbon sur les murs, on en conclut qu'il aurait du goût pour une profession artistique. Nos parents le placèrent donc chez un peintre en porcelaine. » Un des ouvriers de Lévy, Emile Laporte, pratiquait la peinture à l'huile pour son plaisir. Il proposa à Renoir d'utiliser ses toiles et ses couleurs. Et c'est récisément ainsi que naquit le premier tableau du futur impressionniste, qui fut montré très solennellement à Laporte dans la maison des Renoir. En 1862, Auguste Renoir réussit son examen d'entrée à l'École des Beaux-Arts. Il fréquente en même temps un atelier libre où enseigne le professeur Charles Gleyre. Le deuxième événement important de cette période de la vie de Renoir fut la rencontre, dans l'atelier Gleyre, de ceux qui devinrent ses meilleurs amis tout au long de sa vie et ses compagnons dans l'art. À un âge plus avancé, l'artiste déjà mûr eut la possibilité de voir des Rembrandt en Hollande, des Velàzquez, Goya et le Greco en Espagne, et des Raphaël en Italie. À l'époque où les amis se retrouvaient à la Closerie des Lilas, Renoir continuait de puiser son inspiration au Louvre : « Et pour moi, au moment de Gleyre, le Louvre c'était Delacroix. » La première exposition des impressionnistes devint, pour Renoir, le moment d'assertion de sa propre vision du peintre. Dans la vie de l'artiste, cette période fut marquée encore par un événement significatif : en 1873, il emménagea à Montmartre au numéro 35 de la rue Saint-Georges, où il vécut jusqu'en 1884. Il resta fidèle à Montmartre jusqu'à la fin de sa vie. Là, il trouva ses motifs de plein air, ses modèles et même sa famille. C'est justement dans les années 1870 que Renoir se fit des amis qui l'accompagnèrent jusqu'à la fin de ses jours. Le marchand Durand-Ruel devint l'un d'eux. Il commença à lui acheter des tableaux en 1872. L'été, comme toujours, Renoir peignait beaucoup, avec Monet, en plein air. Il venait à Argenteuil où Monet louait une maison pour sa famille. Avec eux travaillait parfois Edouard Manet. En 1877, à la troisième exposition des impressionnistes, Renoir présenta plus de vingt peintures. C'étaient des paysages exécutés à Paris, sur la Seine, en dehors de la ville et dans le jardin de Claude Monet ; des études de visages de femmes et des bouquets de fleurs ; les portraits de Sisley, de l'actrice Jeanne Samary, de l'écrivain Alphonse Daudet et de l'homme politique Spuller ; il y avait aussi La Balançoire et le Bal au Moulin de la Galette. Dans les années 1880, Renoir connut enfin le véritable succès. Il travaillait sur des commandes de riches financiers, de la propriétaire des Grands Magasins du Louvre, du sénateur Goujon. Ses peintures furent exposées à Londres, à Bruxelles, à

la septième exposition internationale chez Georges Petit (1886).

Dans sa lettre adressée à Durand-Ruel, à New York, il écrit : « L'exposition de Petit est ouverte et elle a pas mal de succès, diton.

Car c'est difficile de savoir soi-même ce qui se passe. Je crois avoir fait un pas dans l'estime publique, petit pas. Mais c'est toujours ça ».

For Claude Monet the designation 'impressionist' always remained a source of pride. In spite of all the things critics have written about his work, Monet continued to be a true impressionist to the end of his very long life. He was so by deep conviction, and for his Impressionism he may have sacrificed many other opportunities that his enormous talent held out to him. Monet did not paint classical compositions with figures, and he did not become a portraitist, although his professional training included those skills. He chose a single genre for himself, landscape painting, and in that he achieved a degree of perfection none of his contemporaries managed to attain. Yet the little boy began by drawing caricatures. Boudin advised Monet to stop doing caricatures and to take up landscapes instead. The sea, the sky, animals, people, and trees are beautiful in the exact state in which nature created them - surrounded by air and light. Indeed, it was Boudin who passed on to Monet his conviction of the importance of working in the open air, which Monet would in turn transmit to his impressionist friends. Monet did not want to enrol at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He chose to attend a private school, L'Académie Suisse, established by an ex-model on the Quai d'Orfèvres near the Pont Saint-Michel. One could draw and paint from a live model there for a modest fee. This was where Monet met the future impressionist Camille Pissarro. Later in Gleyre's studio, Monet met Auguste Renoir Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille. Monet considered it very important that Boudin be introduced to his new friends. He also told his friends of another painter he had found in Normandy. This was the remarkable Dutchman Jongkind. His landscapes were saturated with colour, and their sincerity, at times even their naïveté, was combined with subtle observation of the Normandy shore's variable nature. At this time Monet's landscapes were not yet characterized by great richness of colour. Rather, they recalled the tonalities of paintings by the Barbizon artists, and Boudin's seascapes. He composed a range of colour based on yellow-brown or blue-grey. At the Third Impressionist Exhibition in 1877 Monet presented a series of paintings for the first time: seven views of the Saint-Lazare train station. He selected them from among twelve he had painted at the station. This motif in Monet's work is in line not only with Manet's Chemin de fer (The Railway) and with his own landscapes featuring trains and stations at Argenteuil, but also with a trend that surfaced after the railways first began to appear. In 1883, Monet had bought a house in the village of Giverny, near the little town of Vernon. At Giverny, series painting became one of his chief working procedures. Meadows became his permanent workplace. When a journalist, who had come from Vétheuil to interview Monet, asked him where his studio was, the painter answered, "My studio! I've never had a studio, and I can't see why one would lock oneself up in a room. To draw, yes - to paint, no". Then, broadly gesturing towards the Seine, the hills, and the silhouette of the little town, he declared, "There's my real studio."Monet began to go to London in the last decade of the nineteenth century. He began all his London paintings working directly from nature, but completed many of them afterwards, at Giverny. The series formed an indivisible whole, and the painter had to work on all his canvases at one time. A friend of Monet's, the writer Octave Mirbeau, wrote that he had accomplished a miracle. With the help of colours he had succeeded in recreating on the canvas something almost impossible to capture: he was reproducing sunlight, enriching it with an infinite number of reflections. Alone among the impressionists, Claude Monet took an almost scientific study of the possibilities of colour to its limits; it is unlikely that one could have gone any further in that direction.

Sisley

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